Xi Jinping: Ɗan sarauta da ya rasa komai amma ya zama shugaban China mafi ƙarfi

Lokacin da Shugaban China Xi Jinping zai isa birnin Washington ranar Laraba, zai kasance karon farko cikin shekaru 11 da ya kai ziyarar aiki ta ƙasa a Amurka.

Sai dai dangantakarsa da Amurka ta fara tun kafin ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin China mafiya ƙarfi cikin shekaru da dama.

Shekaru 40 da suka gabata, Xi Jinping wani ƙaramin jami'in gwamnati ne a matakin ƙaramar hukuma a arewacin China, lokacin da ya je tsakiyar Amurka domin duba yadda ake gudanar da ayyukan noma a wurin.

Ya shafe wasu kwanaki a jihar Iowa, inda ya koyi yadda ake noma, ya ziyarci gonaki, sannan ya sauka a gidan wani iyali a wani yanki da ke kusa da birni.

Kafofin yaɗa labaran gwamnatin China sun bayar da rahoto sosai kan zaman da Xi ya yi a gidan iyalin, da kuma abokantakarsa da gwamnan Iowa na lokacin, Terry Branstad. Daga baya Branstad ya zama jakadan Amurka a China a zamanin Shugaba Donald Trump.

Rahotannin sun yi amfani da wannan tarihi wajen nuna irin alaƙar da Xi Jinping ya taɓa samu da Amurka.

A yau kuwa, dangantakar Amurka da China ta sauya matuƙa. Ƙasashen biyu na fafatawa sosai kan neman iko a duniya, yayin da ake ci gaba da kakaba wa juna ƙarin haraji kan kayayyaki, takunkumai da kuma fuskantar juna ta fuskar ƙarfin soja.

Xi Jinping, wanda yanzu yake da shekaru 73, ba shi ne ƙaramin jami'in da ya taɓa zama ba.

A kusan shekaru 14 da ya yi yana jagorantar China, ya sauya yadda ake tafiyar da Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China, tare da ƙara sauya matsayin ƙasar a fagen siyasar duniya.

Ɗan gidan sarauta da ya rasa komai

Labarin Xi Jinping ya fara ne daga asalinsa da sananne ne. An haife shi a birnin Beijing a shekarar 1953, kuma shi ne ɗa na shida a gidan Xi Zhongxun.

Mahaifinsa, Xi Zhongxun, na cikin jagororin juyin juya halin Kwaminisanci da suka taka rawa wajen kafa Jamhuriyar China. Daga baya ya riƙe manyan mukamai a Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China har ma ya zama mataimakin firaministan ƙasar.

A lokacin ƙuruciyarsa, Xi Jinping ya halarci makarantu masu daraja, tare da more wasu gata da yawancin iyalan China ba su samu ba.

Sai dai daga baya al'amura suka sauya ga iyalinsu.

A farkon shekarun 1960, an zargi mahaifinsa da alaƙa da wata ƙungiya da ake kallo a matsayin mai adawa da jam'iyyar. Hakan ya sa aka tura shi aiki a wata masana'anta da ke karkara tare da korarshi daga jam'iyyar.

Saboda kasancewarsa ɗan wanda aka yi wa kallon mai adawa da juyin juya hali, Xi Jinping ya fuskanci matsin lamba. Lokacin da shugaban ƙasar na wancan lokaci, Mao Zedong, ya buƙaci matasa su koma ƙauyuka domin rayuwa da aiki tare da manoma, Xi mai shekara 15 ya shiga cikin miliyoyin matasan birane da aka tura karkara.

A wata hira da ya yi a shekarar 2004, Xi ya tuna da wannan tafiya. Ya ce yayin da mutane ke kuka a jirgin ƙasan da ya nufi Yankin Yan'an a shekarar 1969, shi ne kaɗai ke dariya.

Ya ce ya gaya wa danginsa cewa tafiyar ta fi masa zama a birni, domin a wancan lokacin bai ma san ya makomarsa za ta kasance ba idan ya ci gaba da zama a can.

Daga bisani ya zauna a ƙauyen Liangjiahe da ke lardin Shaanxi, wani ƙauye mai nisa da ke yankin tsaunuka a yammacin China. Ya kwashe shekara bakwai a can, yana gudanar da ayyuka masu wahala kamar noma, ɗaukar taki da kuma haƙa ramuka.

Da yake tuna wannan lokaci, Xi ya ce har yanzu yana tuna tain ganyen kabeji da aka sarrafa domin ajiya, wanda ya zama abincin da ya fi so.

Ya kuma bayyana cewa da farko ya sha mamakin yawan aikin da ake yi a ƙauyen, yayin da yunwa da ƙwari suka addabe shi. Duk da haka, ya ce hutun ɗan gajeren lokaci kafin cin abincin rana kan ba shi damar samun ɗan sauƙi daga wahalhalun aikin yini.

Yadda ya fara samun ɗaukaka

Xi Jinping ya bar ƙauyen da yake zaune yana da shekara 22 domin yin karatun injiniyan sinadarai a Jami'ar Tsinghua, ɗaya daga cikin manyan jami'o'in China.

Bayan ya kammala karatunsa, ya bar Beijing inda ya fara aiki a matsayin jami'in gwamnati a lardunan Fujian da Zhejiang da ke gabar tekun ƙasar. Waɗannan yankuna na daga cikin waɗanda suka fi bunƙasa bayan sauye-sauyen tattalin arzikin da China ta fara a shekarun 1980.

Bayan rasuwar Mao Zedong, an mayar wa mahaifinsa martabarsa ta siyasa, lamarin da ya taimaka wa Xi samun damar riƙe manyan muƙaman gwamnati da na soja tare da gina dangantaka a cikin Jam'iyyar Kwaminis.

Wasu daga cikin mutanen da ya yi aiki da su a lokacin ne daga baya suka zama na kusa da shi a harkokin mulki.

Xi ya auri Ke Lingling, ƴar tsohon jakadan China a Birtaniya, a shekarar 1979, amma auren ya mutu bayan shekara uku.

Daga baya wani abokinsu ya haɗa shi da Peng Liyuan, wadda daga baya ta zama matarsa ta biyu kuma ta yanzu. Peng mawaƙiya ce a rundunar sojin China, kuma tun kafin aurensu tana daga cikin fitattun mutane a ƙasar saboda yawan fitowa da take yi a shirye-shiryen bukukuwan sabuwar shekara na gidan talabijin na CCTV.

A shekarun 1980 da 1990, mutane da dama a China sun fi sanin Peng Liyuan fiye da Xi Jinping, wanda a lokacin har yanzu jami'in gwamnati ne a matakin lardi.

A yanzu Peng Liyuan na yawan yi wa mijinta rakiya a tafiye-tafiyensa zuwa ƙasashen waje, abin da ya bambanta da yadda matan shugabannin China na baya suka kasance masu nisantar kafafen yaɗa labarai.

Ma'auratan suna da ɗiya guda ɗaya, Xi Mingze, wadda aka haifa a 1992. Abin da aka fi sani game da ita shi ne cewa ta yi karatu a Jami'ar Harvard da ke Amurka.

A shekarar 2007, bayan ɗan gajeren lokaci da ya yi a matsayin sakataren jam'iyya a Shanghai, aka ɗaga shi zuwa cikin wani kwamiti na Politburo, wanda ke cikin manyan cibiyoyin yanke hukunci a China.

Shekara biyar bayan haka, ya gaji Hu Jintao a matsayin shugaban Jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta China.

Tun bayan hawansa mulki, Xi Jinping ya aiwatar da manyan sauye-sauye a tsarin siyasa da tattalin arzikin China, lamarin da ya sa ya zama ɗaya daga cikin shugabannin ƙasar mafi ƙarfi a zamani na yanzu.

Yadda Xi Jinping ya sauya fasalin China

A cikin kusan shekara 14 da Xi Jinping ya yi yana jagorantar China, ƙasar ta nuna ƙarin ƙarfin gwiwa da ƙwazo wajen neman tasiri a duniya.

A fagen hulɗar ƙasashen waje, Xi ya faɗaɗa tasirin China ta hanyar manyan shirye-shirye kamar Belt and Road Initiative, tare da ƙoƙarin bayyana Beijing a matsayin mai magana da yawun ƙasashe masu tasowa, waɗanda ake kira Global South.

Sai dai a lokaci guda, dangantakar China da wasu manyan ƙasashen ta ƙara tsami. Rikice-rikice sun ƙaru kan tekun Kudancin China, yayin da batun Taiwan da kuma gogayya da Amurka suke ci gaba da ɗaukar hankali.

A cikin gida kuwa, mulkin Xi ya kasance mai ƙara ƙarfafa iko da kulawar gwamnati kan harkokin siyasa. Gwamnatinsa ta mayar da hankali sosai kan tsaro da tabbatar da zaman lafiya, inda ta aiwatar da sabbin matakai a yankunan Xinjiang da Tibet da kuma Hong Kong.

Magoya bayansa na cewa waɗannan matakan sun taimaka wajen samar da kwanciyar hankali, amma masu suka na ganin sun rage wasu daga cikin 'yancin jama'a.

Xi Jinping ya kuma kafa wata manufa ta siyasa mai ɗauke da sunansa, wato "Tunanin Xi Jinping kan Gurguzanci mai Siffofin China a Sabon Zamani", matakin da shugabannin China biyu da suka gabace shi ba su yi irin sa ba.

Har ila yau, an cire iyakar wa'adin shugabancin ƙasa daga kundin tsarin mulkin China a zamaninsa, abin da ya ba shi damar ci gaba da mulki fiye da wa'adi biyu a jere.

Ko da yake kafafen yaɗa labaran gwamnati kan nuna Xi a matsayin mutum mai tsauri da ɗaure fuska, a wasu lokuta yakan nuna wata fuska mai annashuwa.

Ya taɓa bayyana sha'awarsa ga wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, har ma ya yi raha da Firaministan Thailand kan rashin gamsuwarsa da yadda tawagar ƙwallon ƙafar maza ta China ke taka leda.

Haka kuma ya taɓa shan barasa tare da tsohon Firaministan Birtaniya David Cameron, sannan ya yi barkwanci da shugaban Koriya ta Kudu lokacin da aka ba shi wayar Xiaomi kyauta, yana cewa zai bincika ko ba a saka wata hanyar leƙen asiri a cikinta ba kafin ya karɓa.

Wane ne amini ko abokin hamayyarsa?

Dangantakar Xi Jinping da shugabannin ƙasashen duniya ta riƙa sauyawa gwargwadon yadda manufofin harkokin wajen China ke canzawa.

Daga cikin shugabannin duniya, babu wanda ake ganin ya fi kusanci da Xi kamar shugaban Rasha, Vladimir Putin. Tun bayan da Xi ya hau mulki, su biyun sun gana sau da dama, kuma Xi ya taɓa bayyana Putin a matsayin ɗaya daga cikin amintattun abokansa.

Dangantakarsa da Donald Trump kuwa ta kasance mai sarƙaƙiya. Duk da takunkuman kasuwanci da Trump ya ƙaddamar kan China a lokacin shugabancinsa, sau da yawa ya kan yi kalaman yabo ga Xi, yana kiran sa aboki tare da yaba wa irin ƙarfinsa a siyasa.

A ɓangaren India kuwa, Xi yana ƙoƙarin ƙarfafa dangantakarsa da Firaminista Narendra Modi ta hanyar tattaunawa da ganawa ta musamman domin nuna haɗin kai tsakanin manyan ƙasashen Asiya biyu.

Sai dai rikicin iyaka da ya yi sanadin mutuwar sojoji a shekarar 2020 ya jefa alakar kasashen biyu cikin mawuyacin hali fiye da yadda ta kasance cikin shekaru masu yawa.

Ba kamar wasu shugabannin da suka shahara wajen gina alaƙar ƙashin kai da sauran jagorori ba, Xi Jinping yawanci yana fifita muradun ƙasarsa fiye da dangantakar mutum da mutum.

Saboda haka, lokacin da zai koma Washington a wannan mako, ba zai kasance a matsayin ƙaramin jami'in gwamnati da ya taɓa ziyartar gonaki a Iowa domin koyon harkokin noma ba. Yanzu ya koma ɗaya daga cikin manyan jagororin siyasa mafi tasiri a ƙarni na 21.

An yi amfani da fasahar AI wajen taimakawa wajen fassara wannan labari daga Turanci, sannan ma'aikacin BBC ya duba tare da tantance shi kafin a wallafa. Ku karanta ƙarin bayani game da yadda BBC ke amfani da AI.