Me ya sa ƴanwasa da yawa ba sa wakiltar ƙasashensu na asali?

Cikin minti 25 a ranar 13 ga watan Yuni, tawagar Moroko ta kafa tarihi a gasar cin kofin duniya a wasan da ta tashi kunnen doki 1-1 da Brazil - inda cikin ƴan wasan da ke filin a wannan lokaci babu wanda aka haifa a cikin ƙasar ta Moroko.

Gasar cin kofin duniya ta maza ta Fifa ta 2026 ta kasance mafi yawan ƴan wasan da ke wakiltar wata ƙasa baya ga ƙasarsu ta haihuwa - wato kimanin kashi ɗaya bisa huɗu na dukkan ƴan wasan da suka halarci gasar.

Tuni dai a gasar bana aka samu ɗan wasa ya zura ƙwallo a ragar ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, lokacin da Ibrahim Mbaye haifaffen ɗan Faransa ya ci wa Senegal ƙwallo a wasan da suka sha kashi a hannun Les Bleus da ci 3-1 a ranar 16 ga watan Yuni.

Wannan ya biyo bayan lamari makamancin wannan a gasar 2022, lokacin da ɗan wasan Switzerland Breel Embolo, haifaffen Kamaru, ya zama ɗan wasa na farko a cikin fiye da shekara 90 na tarihin gasar da ya zura ƙwallo a ragar ƙasarsa ta asali.

Maimakon ya yi tsalle cikin murna da jin daɗi, tsayawa ya yi a wuri ɗaya, ya ɗaga hannuwansa sama kamar ya na bayar da haƙuri.

"Na san cewa idan na zura ƙwallo ba zan yi murna ba, saboda girmamawa. Amma hakan ba yana nufin cewa ban ji daɗin cin ƙwallon ba," Embolo ya shaida wa manema labarai a lokacin.

A gasar cin kofin duniya ta 2026, tawagogi takwas ne kawai cikin 48 ba su da ɗan wasa da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje, kamar yadda jerin sunayen ƴan wasan da aka miƙa wa hukumar ƙwallon ƙafa ta duniya Fifa ya nuna.

Tawagar ƙasar Curacao, wadda ke halartar gasar cin kofin duniya ta farko a tarihinta, na ɗauke da ɗan wasa ɗaya tilo ne da aka haifa a tsibirin na yankin Caribbean a cikin jerin ƴan wasa 26. Ƙasar wani yanki ne na Masarautar Netherlands kuma yawancin ƴan tagawarta haifaffun ƙasar Netherlands ɗin ne.

A halin yanzu Qatar ta kawo ƴan wasa daga ƙasashe 10, daga suka haɗa da ƴan Afirka da ƴan ƙasashen Turai da kuma ƴan Kudancin Amurka.

Amma dai irin waɗannan sauye-sauyen sheƙa na ƙasashe wasu lokutan sun haifar da rarrabuwar iyali.

Akwai kashi huɗu na ƴan'uwa da ke wakiltar ƙasashe daban-daban: Desire da Guela Doue (Faransa da Ivory Coast), Nico da Iñaki Williams (Spain da Ghana), Harry da John Souttar (Australia da Scotland) da 'yan'uwan juna Derrick Luckassen da Brian Brobbey (Ghana da Netherlands).

Kafin 2026, wannan ya faru sau biyu ne kawai - lokacin da ƴan'uwa Jerom da Kevin Prince Boateng suka taka leda a gasar cin kofin duniya guda biyu (2010 da 2014) suna wakiltar Jamus da Ghana. Sun fuskanci juna a duka gasannin biyu.

Farfesa Gijsbert Oonk, wani masanin tarihi ɗan ƙasar Holland kuma ƙwararre a fannin nazarin harkar ci-rani a jami'ar Erasmus da ke ƙasar Netherlands, ya ce lamarin na nuni ne da yadda duniya ke sauyawa.

"Kusan kashi 4% na al'ummar duniya suna rayuwa ne a cikin ƙasar da ba a haife su a ciki ba. An fi samun haka a tsakanin ƙwararrun ma'aikata da ƙwararrun ƴan wasa," in ji shi. "Yana nuni da tsarin balaguro da ke da alaƙa da ci rani.

Tarihin sauya ƙasashe tsakanin ƴan wasa

Adadin ƴan wasan da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje a cikin tawagogin ƙasashen da ke halartar gasar cin kofin duniya ya yi ta sama da ƙasa a cikin shekarun da suka gabata, har zuwa cikin ƴan kwanakin nan.

A cewar wani bincike daga Cibiyar Hijira, manufofi da zamantakewar al'umma ta Jami'ar Oxford (COMPAS), adadin ya kasance tsakanin 2% zuwa 14% har zuwa gasa biyu na ƙarshe lokacin da ya yi tashin gwawuron zabi, ya kai 16.5% a Qatar a 2022.

Adadin ya ƙaru zuwa sama da kashi 23% a shekarar 2026 - inda adadin ƴan wasan da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje ya kai 289 cikin 1,248, yayin da adadin ƙasashen da kesuka fafatawa a gasar ya tashi daga 32 zuwa 48.

An ƙirƙiri Fifa ne a shekarar 1904, amma ta kafa ƙa'idojin sauya ƙasashe ne a shekarun 1960s. Har zuwa lokacin, ƴan wasa za su iya buga wa kowace ƙasa da suka zaɓa.

Babban misali shi ne Luis Monti. Ɗan wasan tsakiya na Argentina da ya wakilci ƙasarsa a gasar cin kofin duniya a shekara ta 1930, inda ƴan Kudancin Amurkan suka zo na biyu. Daga nan sai ya sauya sheƙa ya koma Italiya a gasar 1934, inda ya lashe kofin tare da su.

Monti ya kasance mutum ɗaya tilo da ya buga wasan ƙarshe na gasar cin kofin duniya wa ƙasashe biyu daban-daban.

A shekarar 1962, Fifa ta fitar da sharuɗɗan cancanta na bugawa ƙasashe, inda ta ce dole ne ƴan wasa su cancanci zama ƴan ƙasar da suke son bugawa, kuma ba za su iya wakiltar ƙasa fiye da ɗaya ba yayin da su ka kasance ƙwararun ƴan wasa.

An dai nuna sassauci ne ga ƴan wasan da ƙasashensu suka sauya ba da son ransu ba, kamar ƴan wasa daga tsohuwar USSR da Yugoslavia.

An sami ƙarin sauye-sauye a cikin 2004, lokacin da Fifa ta fara barin ƴan wasa su wakilci wata ƙasa a matakin matasa kuma su sauya zuwa wata a matakin manya.

Duk da haka, ya kuma kayyade cewa ɗan wasa ya kamata ya kasance yana da "alaƙa ta zahiri " da wata ƙasa - ko dai ya kasance aƙalla ɗaya daga cikin iyayensa ko kakanni waɗanda aka haifa a ƙasar, ko kuma ya kasance sun zauna a ƙasar na aƙalla shekara biyu.

Tun daga wannan lokacin, buƙatun zama a ƙasar da ake buƙatar bugawa wasa ya ƙaru zuwa shekara biyar, yayin da a yanzu ake barin ƴan wasa su sauya ƙasa idan sun buga wasanni uku ko ƙasa haka kafin su kai shekara 21 da haihiuwa.

Moroko ta yi maraba da wannan sauyi

Waɗannan sauye-sauyen dokokin sun kasance labari mai daɗi ga ƙasashen da ke da ƴan wasa da dama da aka haifa ƙasashen waje, inda wani babban kaso na ƴan ƙasar da suka cancanta ke sassa daban-daban na duniya - ƙasashe kamar Maroko.

A cikin shekarun 2010, a yunƙurin inganta wasan ƙwallon ƙafa, ƙasar ta sanya masu sanya ido kan ƴan wasa zuwa ƙasashen Turai da ke da al'ummomin ƴan Maroko, kamar Faransa da Netherlands da Belgium.

Wannan ya haifar da kwarrowar ƴan wasa daga ƙasashen waje, wanda ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin dalilan da suka inganta fannin ƙwallon ƙafan ƙasar inda har ta kai ga zama ƙasa ta farko a Afirka da ta kai wasan kusa da na ƙarshe a gasar cin kofin duniya, a Qatar a 2022.

Biyu daga cikin ƴan wasan Maroko uku da suka zura kwallo a bugun fenariti, ba haifaffun ƙasar ba ne - Hakim Ziyech haifaffen Netherlands ne, sai Achraf Hakimi, wanda ya samu nasarar doke ƙasarsa ta haihuwa, Spain.

"Wannan labari ne na ƙasar da ta koyi kula da ƴan ƙasashen waje a matsayin abu mai matuƙar muhimmanci ga tsarin wasan ƙwallon ƙafa na ƙasa," in ji Dr Myriam Cherti, wata babbar jami'a a COMPAS.

Batun da ke janyo cece-ku-ce

Wannan sauyin sheƙa ba ya zuwa ba tare da jayayya.

Sepp Blatter, shugaban Fifa daga 1998 zuwa 2015, ya taka muhimmiyar rawa a lokacin mulkinsa game da yadda ƙasashe ke rububin ƙaddamar da matakan da ke hanzarta yadda ake bayar da ba da izinin zama ƴan ƙasa - musamman ga asalin ƴan Brazil.

Ya yi gargadi a shekara ta 2007 cewa gasar cin kofin duniya na tawagogin da ''ƴan Brazil suka mamaye'' "haɗari ne na gaske".

Martanin jama'a na iya zama mai tsauri: Ɗan wasan Spain, haifaffen Brazil, Diego Costa, ya sha ihu ba ƙaƙƙautawa daga ƴan ƙallo a lokacin da ƙasar da ya zaɓi wakilta ta Spain ta shiga gasar cin kofin duniya na 2014 - wanda aka buga a Brazil - sakamakon shawarar da ya yanke na wakiltar ƙasar ta Turai.

Farfesa Gijsbert Oonk, wanda ke koyar da dalibai daga ƙasashe daban-daban, ya ruwaito cewa batun yana haifar da mahawara mai zafi a duk lokacin da aka taso da batun yayin koyarwansa.

Wasu suna jayayya cewa magoya baya "ba za su iya nuna kishin ƙasa ba" idan tawagar ta dogara kan ƴan wasa da aka haifa a ƙasashen waje, in ji shi. "Amma wasu suna ɗaukar ra'ayin masu kare haƙƙin bil'adama suna cewa 'a kyale su, aikinsu ne, hanya samun abincinsu ne'," in ji shi.

Ga Dr Cherti, ƙwallon ƙafa ba zai iya kaucewa sauye-sauyen al'umma ba: "Tawagar ƙasa ba ta waikiltar al'ummar ƙasa da ke cikin iyakan ƙasar kaɗai. Ta zama manuniya ce ga yanayin ci-rani dav tarihi da kuma irin sauye-sauyen da ke faruwa a duniya baki ɗaya."