Abubuwa biyar da suka faru a ranakun tunawa da ƴancin kan Najeriya

Daren ranar 30 ga watan Satumban 1960, wayewar garin 1 ga watan Oktoban shekarar rana ce da Najeriya ba za ta manta da ita ba a tarihi.

Duk da cewa tarihin ya samo asali ne tun daga shekaru gabanin wannan ranar, amma dai ranar da aka ayyana ƴancin kan ta musamman ce.

An ƙawata dandanlin Tafawa Balewa wanda a nan ne aka gudanar da wannan biki na bayar da ƴancin kai.

Dubban ƴan Najeriya ne suka taru a wajen bikin, kama daga ma'aikatan gwamnati, yara ƴan makaranta, ƴan kasuwa, mata da maza sannan kuma aka gudanar da raye-raye da al'adu daga ƙabilun Najeriya daban-daban.

Gimbiyar Alexandra ta Kent ce ta wakilici Sarauniya Elizabeth II a yayin bikin, kuma ta isa Legas ne tun ranar 26 da watan Satumban shekarar.

Manyan jami'ai ciki har da Firaiminista Tafawa Balewa da Gwamna Janar mai barin gado Sir James Robertson ne suka tarbe ta.

Da safiyar ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba dubban mutane suka cika filin da aka keɓe domin shagalin, wasu sun ce mutanen da suka halarci bikin sun kai dubu 10 wasu kuma na cewa dubu 20.

Lokacin da aka fara bikin Sir James ya matsa ya bai wa Tafawa Ɓalewa babbar kujerar da yake zaune a kai, sannan an yi ƙasa da tutar gwamnatin Turawan Mulkin Mallaka sannan aka yi sama da ta Najeriya mai launin Kore-Fari-Kore.

Karon farko a tarihi tutar Najeriya ta yi sama sannan an haifi wata sabuwar ƙasa mai zaman kanta.

Sabon Firaiminista Tafawa Balewa ya gabatar da jawabi mai cike da tarihi, inda ya fara da cewa: "Ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1960, rana ce da dukkan ƴan Najeriya suka shafe shekaru biyu suna ɗokin zuwan ta.

A ƙarshe, babbar ranarmu ta zo, kuma yanzu Najeriya ta zama ƙasa mai cikakken ƴanci da cikakken ikon mulkin kanta.

Kalmomi ba za su iya bayyana cikakken farin cikina da alfaharina ba na kasancewa ɗan Najeriya wanda ya samu wannan babbar gata ta karɓar waɗannan Takardun Kundin Tsarin Mulki daga hannun Gimbiya, waɗanda suke alamomin ƴancin kai na Najeriya.

Wannan gata ce ta musamman ƙwarai, wadda zan ci gaba da tunawa da ita har abada. Haka kuma tana ba ni ƙarfi da ƙarfin gwiwa yayin da nake fatan sadaukar da rayuwata gaba ɗaya ga hidimar ƙasarmu," in ji Tafawa Balewa.

To sai dai baya ga abubuwan da suka faru a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1960, an kafa tarihi a wasu ranakun irin ta da suka biyo baya a tsawon shekaru, har zuwa wannan karo da ake bikin cika shekara 66 da samun ƴancin kan ƙasar.

1963: Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriya

Hakika, wannan shi ne babban sauyin Kundin Tsarin mulki da aka samu tun bayan samun ƴancin kai na shekarar 1960.

A ranar 1 ga Oktoba, 1963, Najeriya ta zama Jamhuriya, inda ta maye gurbin Kundin Tsarin Mulkin shekarar 1960 wanda a ƙarƙashinsa Sarauniya Elizabeth ta Biyu take a matsayin shugabar ƙasa, yayin da Nnamdi Azikiwe yake riƙe da mukamin Gwamna-Janar.

Kundin Tsarin Mulkin Jamhuriya na 1963 ya fara aiki a wannan ranar. Wannan ya kawo ƙarshen zaman Sarauniyar Birtaniya a matsayin shugabar ƙasar Najeriya, sannan ya mayar da Najeriya cikakkiyar jamhuriya mai shugaban ƙasa, yayin da Tafawa ya ke matsayin Firaiminista.

A sakamakon haka, Nnamdi Azikiwe ya zama Shugaban Ƙasa na farko na Jamhuriyar Najeriya, yayin da tsarin mulkin ƙasar ya ci gaba da kasancewa na dimokraɗiyyar majalisa ƙarƙashin Firaiminista Sir Abubakar Tafawa Balewa.

Ba kawai ana murnar zagayowar ranar 1 ga watan Oktoba ba ce a matsayin ranar 'yancin kai a Najeriya ba, har ma da ranar sauya tsarin mulki daga na Mulukiyya da Sarauniyar Ingila Elizabeth II ke yi zuwa na Jamhuriya mai cikakken Iko.

A sabon tsarin Tafawa Balewa ya ci gaba da kasancewa shugaban kwamnati mai cikakken iko shi kuma Nnamdi Azikiwe ya ci gaba da kasancewa shugaban ƙasa na jeka na yi ka.

1979: Jamhuriya ta biyu

"A yau mun shaida Jamhuriya ta Biyu. Da bikin rantsarwar da aka gudanar da safiyar yau, na karɓi ragamar mulki a hukumance a matsayin Shugaban Ƙasa na farko mai cikakken ikon zartarwa. Ina mai amfani da wannan dama wajen gode muku duka saboda haƙurinku da goyon bayan da kuka ba da a duk tsawon lokacin mika mulki daga wani tsari zuwa wani".

Wadannan ne kalaman da Alhaji Shehu Shagari ya buɗe bayaninsa da su a ranar da aka rantsar da shi a matsayin shugaban Najeriya a ranar 1 ga watan Oktoban 1979.

Wannan na zuwa ne bayan shekaru 14 da aka kwashe ƙarƙashin mulkin soji.

Alhaji Tanko Yakasai mai shekaru sama da 100, tsohon ɗan siyasa ne a Najeriya ya ce 'yan siyasar kudanci da na arewacin Najeriya ne suka yi tarayyar da suka kawo gwamnatin Alhaji Shehu Shagari.

Ya ce "karon farko da aka yi zaɓen da mafi yawan 'yan Najeriya suka ji an kwatanta yin daidai kenan.

"Ba a samu tashin hankali ba, amma dai ƙawance ne ya taka rawar gani a zaɓen," in ji Tanko Yakasai.

Shi ma Dr Sulaiman Shehu Malami a Kwalejin Fasaha ta Kaduna, ya ce za a tuna gwamnatin Shagari da kyawawan manufofinta.

"Shirinsa na noma (Green Revolution) da haɗin kan ƙasa da bunkasa tattalin arziƙi da ilimi da kuma samar da muhallai wadatattu ga ƴan ƙasa. Duk inda ka ji an ce Shagari Kwatas aikin gwamnatinsa ne," in ji Dr Sulaiman.

1996: Abacha ya ƙirƙiri sabbin jihohi 6

A lokacin bikin cika shekaru 36 da samun ƴancin kan Najeriya, Janar Sani Abacha ya sanar da ƙirƙirar sabbin jihohi guda shida, wanda ya ƙara yawan jihohin Najeriya daga 30 zuwa 36.

Ya bayyana cewa an yanke wannan hukunci ne bisa shawarwarin wani kwamiti da aka kafa domin duba buƙatun ƙirƙirar sabbin jihohi, ƙananan hukumomi da kuma gyaran iyakoki.

Abacha ya bayyana a fili cewa manufar ita ce a samar da sabuwar jiha guda ɗaya daga kowace shiyyar siyasa guda shida na ƙasar nan. Ya ce an yi la'akari da abubuwa kamar yawan jama'a, girman ƙasa da sauran muhimman dalilai kafin ɗaukar wannan mataki.

Sabbin jihohin da aka ƙirƙira sun sa Najeriya ta kai adadin jihohi 36, wanda har yanzu shi ne tsarin jihohin da ƙasar ke amfani da shi a yau.

Jihohin sun haɗa da:

Alhaji Buba Galadima fitaccen ɗan siyasa a Najeriya, ya ce "Amfanin ƙirƙirarsu shi ne matsar da gwamnati ga al'umma da kuma ba su damar yanke hukunci kan abubuwan da suka shafe su," in ji shi.

2010: Tashin bama-bamai a Abuja

Najeriya ta gudanar da bikin cika shekaru 50 da samun ƴancin kai a Eagle Square, Abuja, tare da halartar Shugaba Goodluck Jonathan, manyan jami'an gwamnati da baki daga ƙasashen duniya.

Sai dai yayin da ake tsaka da bukukuwan, wasu motoci dauke da bama-bamai suka fashe a kusa da wurin taron. Bayan fashewar farko, wata fashewa ta biyu ta biyo baya a wani wuri da ke kusa.

Rahotannin farko sun nuna cewa mutane takwas ne suka mutu, amma daga baya adadin ya karu zuwa 12, yayin da mutane da dama suka samu raunuka.

Wannan hari ya jefa al'umma cikin jimami a ranar da ya kamata ta kasance ranar murna da tunawa da shekaru hamsin na 'yancin kai, kuma ya kasance ɗaya daga cikin manyan abubuwan da suka mamaye tarihin bikin cikar shekaru 50 na Najeriya.