Me ya hana Iran wallafa wasiyyar Ayatollah Ali Khamenei?

Watanni bakwai bayan kashe tsohon jagoran addinin Iran, Ayatollah Ali Khamenei har yanzu ba a wallafa wasiyyarsa ta siyasa ba.

A tsawon wannan lokaci, abin da kawai aka fitar shi ne wata tsohuwar wasiyya ta ƙashin kansa da aka rubuta tun a shekarar 1342 a kalandar Iran.

Jinkirin bayyana wasiyyar Ayatollah Ali Khamenei ya zo ne tare da irin wannan jinkirin wajen fitar da sautin murya ko bidiyon wanda ya gaje shi.

Bugu da ƙari, ƙoƙarin da wasu majiyoyin gwamnati suka yi na warware tambayoyin da suka taso ya ƙara haifar da wasu sabbin tambayoyi.

Game da batun wasiyyar musamman, ɗaya daga cikin ra'ayoyin da hukumomin gwamnati suka bayyana, amma wanda ke cike da rashin tabbas, shi ne yiwuwar takardar wasiyyar ta lalace lokacin da aka kai hari gidan Jagoran.

Misali, jaridar Ettelaat, wadda ke ƙarƙashin kulawar jagoranci, ta yi hasashen cewa wasiyyar ta kasance "ƙarƙashin baraguzan gine-ginen da suka rushe".

A gefe guda kuma, magajin garin Tehran, Alireza Zakani, ya ce akwai yiwuwar takardar ta lalace sakamakon "lalacewar rubuce-rubuce da kuma ɗakin karatu na Ali Khamenei".

Sai dai tushen waɗannan ikirari na nuni tamkar wata muhimmiyar takarda irinta "wasiyyar siyasa ta jagoran addinin" an ajiye ta ne a wani wuri a cikin ɗakin karatunsa na kashin kansa, abin da da wuya a yarda da shi.

Musamman idan aka yi la'akari da yadda aka tanadi wasiyyar siyasa ta Ruhollah Khomeini, inda aka adana kwafi biyu daban-daban da aka sanya wa hatimi.

An ajiye ɗaya a cibiyar Astan Quds, yayin da aka ajiye ɗayan a wajen Majalisar Kwararru (Assembly of Experts).

Wannan ya sa wasu ke ganin da wuya a ce irin wannan muhimmiyar takarda za ta ɓace ko ta lalace cikin sauƙi.

Abin da wasiyyar Ruhollah Khomeini ta kunsa

Sha'awar sanin abin da ke cikin wasiyyar Ali Khamenei, ba lallai ba ne ta nuna cewa idan aka wallafa ta wani muhimmin sauyi zai faru a gwamnatin ƙasar.

Hakan kuwa saboda ko bayan an bayyana abin da wasiyyar ta ƙunsa, yadda za a aiwatar da ita zai dogara ne da irin fassarar da masu mulki za su yi mata.

Misali, nan da nan bayan rasuwar wanda ya kafa Jamhuriyar Musulunci ta Iran, Ruhollah Khomeini, a watan Yunin 1989, jami'an gwamnati sun nuna matuƙar biyayya da girmamawa gare shi.

Sai dai duk da haka, sun yi biris da wasu daga cikin mafi fitattun bayanan da ke cikin wasiyyarsa, ba tare da wannan ya haifar da wata babbar matsala ba.

Doguwar wasiyyar ta ƙunshi bayanai masu yawa kan halin da Iran da duniya ke ciki, tarihin baya da kuma batutuwan addini.

Amma a cikinta akwai wasu shawarwari na musamman da ya yi wa gwamnati.

Daya daga cikin mafi muhimmanci shi ne haramta wa hukumomin tsaro shiga harkokin siyasa.

A cikin wasiyyar, Khomeini ya bayyana cewa bai kamata rundunonin soji, 'yan sanda, dakarun kare juyin juya hali na Revolutionary Guard, ƙungiyar Basij ko wata rundunar tsaro su shiga "wasannin siyasa" ba.

Sai dai duk da wannan bayani ƙarara, a zamanin magajinsa, Ali Khamenei, rundunar IRGC da musamman ƙungiyar Basij sun zama daga cikin manyan kuma mafi tasiri ƙungiyoyin siyasa a Iran, inda suka taka muhimmiyar rawa a fafatawar siyasa da zabuka.

Wasiyyar Ruhollah Khomeini ta kuma ƙunshi wani muhimmin tanadi game da yadda za a yi mu'amala da maganganun da za a danganta masa bayan rasuwarsa.

Wannan shi ne abin da wasu ke kallon a matsayin mafi muhimmancin sashe na wasiyyar.

A cewar wasiyyar, "duk wani abu da aka danganta ko za a danganta gare ni, kada a amince da shi sai idan muryata ce ko kuma rubutuna ne tare da sa hannuna wanda ƙwararru suka tabbatar da sahihancinsa; ko kuma idan na faɗi abin a hukumance a madadin Jamhuriyar Musulunci."

Sai dai sa'o'i kaɗan bayan an karanta wasiyyar a gaban Majalisar Masana ta Iran, Akbar Hashemi Rafsanjani ya ce marigayi Ruhollah Khomeini ya taɓa gaya masa tare da ɗansa Ahmad Khomeini a wani zama na sirri cewa Ali Khamenei ya cancanci ya gaje shi.

Bisa ga cikakkun rahotannin da suka fito daga taron Majalisar Masanan da kuma bayanan waɗanda suka halarci zaman daga sassa daban-daban na siyasa, ba wai kawai an zaɓi sabon jagoran ne bisa wannan magana da aka ce Khomeini ya faɗa ba, har ma babu wanda ya tambayi dalilin karanta wasiyyarsa idan har ba za a yi la'akari da abin da ta jaddada ba.

Daga Tarayyar Soviet ta Lenin zuwa ƙasar Sin ta Mao

Wasiyyoyin shugabannin da suke ci gaba da riƙe madafun iko har zuwa ƙarshen rayuwarsu na kasancewa daga cikin muhimman takardun gwamnati.

Hakan kuwa saboda, ba kamar shugabannin ƙasa da ke yin wa'adi na wasu shekaru sannan su sauka ba, irin waɗannan shugabanni suna da ikon yanke muhimman shawarwari kan batutuwa masu matuƙar muhimmanci tun suna raye.

Saboda haka ne ƙungiyoyi da ɓangarorin da ke takara a cikin tsarin mulki suke da buƙatar fassara, wallafawa ko kuma ɓoye wasiyyoyin irin waɗannan shugabanni domin tasirinsu a zamanin da zai biyo bayan rasuwarsu.

Ɗaya daga cikin fitattun misalan tarihi shi ne wasiyyar Vladimir Lenin, jagoran juyin juya halin Rasha na shekarar 1917.

A zahiri, wasiyyar wata wasiƙa ce da ya aika wa taron jam'iyyar Kwaminis ta Tarayyar Soviet.

Wasiƙar ta ƙunshi ra'ayoyi masu suka kan wasu fitattun jagororin jam'iyyar, tare da gargaɗi a sarari kan haɗarin tara iko a hannun Joseph Stalin.

Bayan rasuwar Lenin, an karanta wasiƙar ne kawai ga manyan wakilan jam'iyyar a wasu taruka na sirri.

Daga bisani kuma, Stalin, tare da taimakon abokan siyasarsa a jam'iyyar, ya hana a wallafa ta ga jama'a.

Ko da yake jaridar The New York Times ta samu kuma ta buga bayanan wasiyyar a shekarar 1926, sai bayan shekaru 32 da rasuwar Lenin, wato a shekarar 1956, aka fara wallafa ta a hukumance a Tarayyar Soviet.

Hakan ya faru ne a lokacin yaƙin neman kawar da tasirin Stalin da shugaban lokacin, Nikita Khrushchev, ya jagoranta.

A ƙasar Sin ma, bayan rasuwar Mao Zedong a shekarar 1976, gadon siyasarsa ya shiga cikin gwagwarmayar neman wanda zai gaje shi.

Jagoran juyin juya halin Sin ɗin bai bar wata rubutacciyar wasiyya ta siyasa ba.

Sai dai shekaru kusan 20 kafin rasuwarsa, ya sanya hannu tare da wasu manyan jiga-jigan Jam'iyyar Kwaminis a kan wata takarda da ta buƙaci a riƙa ƙone gawarwakin shugabannin jam'iyyar bayan mutuwarsu, tare da hana gina manyan wuraren adana gawarwaki ko kaburbura na musamman domin tunawa da su.

Da alama manufar wannan mataki ita ce yaƙi da al'adun addini da suka shafi binne mamata da kuma tsananta girmama su bayan mutuwa, al'adun da suka ci gaba da wanzuwa tun kafin gwamnatin Kwaminis ta hau mulki a ƙasar Sin.

Sai dai magajin Mao Zedong, wato Hua Guofeng, da abokan aikinsa, waɗanda suke neman wasu "alamomin halascin mulki" domin ƙarfafa matsayinsu a kan abokan hamayyarsu a cikin jam'iyya, ba su bayyana wannan shawarar ta tsohon jagoran ba.

A maimakon haka, sun gina wani katafaren wurin tunawa da Mao tare da adana gawarsa ta hanyar musamman, abin da ya zarce ma al'adun sarakunan Sin na da.

Sai bayan shekaru huɗu ne shugaban da ya biyo bayansa, Deng Xiaoping, wanda aka sani da salon siyasar sassauci da pragmatism, ya ambaci a wata hira shawarar da Mao ya bayar da kuma dalilan da suka sa aka yi watsi da ita bayan mutuwarsa.