Munanan hatsarin jirgin ruwa 6 a tarihi

A ƙarshen watan Satumba, al'ummar Senegal na tunawa da ɗaya daga cikin abubuwan da suka fi jawo musu raɗaɗi a kasa.

A ranar 26 ga Satumban 2002, jirgin ruwa Le Joola, wanda ke zirga-zirga tsakanin Ziguinchor (kudu) da Dakar, ya nutse a gabar ruwan Gambiya.

Wannan hatsari, wanda ya yi sanadin mutuwar sama da mutum 1,800, har yanzu shi ne mafi munin hatsarin jirgin ruwa da aka taba rubutawa a Afirka.

Sai dai idan aka duba a ma'aunin duniya, akwai wasu da suka fi wannan muni.

Wasu kasashe ma sun yi zaman makoki sakamakon munanan hatsarurrukan jiragen ruwa.

Wasu daga cikin wadannan bala'o'i sun shiga tarihi, saboda yanayin da suka faru a ciki da kuma yawan mace-macen da suka haddasa.

A cikin wannan maƙala, BBC News Afrique za ta ba ku labarin hatsarurrukan jiragen ruwa guda shida da suka yi tasiri a duniya, dalilan da suka haddasa su da kuma adadin wadanda suka mutu.

6- Estonia (28 Satumba, 1994) mutum 852 suka rasu

A kasashen Estonia da Sweden da Finland, an gina abubuwan tunawa da wadanda suka mutu domin tuna wannan hatsarin jirgin ruwa da ba za a manta da shi ba, wanda ya faru a ranar 28 ga Satumba 1994.

Estonia jirgin ruwa ne da ke zirga-zirga tsakanin Tallinn, babban birnin Estonia da ke bakin Tekun Finland, da Stockholm, babban birnin Sweden.

Hatsarin ya faru ne a daren 27 zuwa 28 ga Satumba 1994.

A daren, hasashen yanayi ya nuna za a samu iska mai karfi da kuma kaɗawar manyan igiyoyin ruwa.

Bayan ya bar Tallinn a yammacin ranar 27 ga Satumba, Estonia ya gamu da iska mai tsananin karfi da manyan igiyoyi a hanyarsa ta zuwa Stockholm.

Da misalin karfe 1 na dare, kofar gaban jirgin ta karye sakamakon bugun igiyoyin ruwa.

Ruwa mai yawa ya shiga jirgin, wanda ya rasa daidaitonsa kafin daga bisani ya kife cikin ruwan sanyi na Tekun Baltic cikin kasa da sa'a ɗaya.

Mutanen da suka tsira sun bayyana lamarin a matsayin "mummunan daren". Fasinjoji sun makale sakamakon saurin kifewar jirgin da ya toshe hanyoyin fita.

Daga cikin fasinjoji da ma'aikata 889 da ke cikinsa, mutum 137 kacal aka ceto.

Mutum 852, mafi yawansu 'yan Sweden (501) da Estoniya (285), sun mutu a wannan hatsari, tare da wasu daga wasu kasashe.

Binciken kasa da kasa ya kammala cewa matsalar fasaha a kofar gaban jirgin ce ta haddasa lamarin.

Sai dai har zuwa yau ana ci gaba da yada ra'ayoyin makirci da suka shafi wannan hatsarin.

5- Al-Salaam Boccaccio, 6 ga watan Faburairu , 2006 (Egypt): Mutum 1,028 suka rasu

A ranar 3 ga Fabrairu 2006, kusan mutum 1,400 suka hau As-Salam Boccacio 98, wani jirgin ruwa na Masar mai shekaru 35.

Jirgin ya tashi daga tashar Douba ta Saudi Arabia zuwa tashar Safaga ta Masar, da ke dayan gefen Tekun Red Sea, kimanin kilomita 600 kudu maso gabashin Alkahira.

Jim kadan bayan tashinsa daga Douba, gobara ta tashi, amma hakan bai hana kyaftin din jirgin ci gaba da tafiya ba.

Mafi yawan matafiyan 'yan hajjin Masar ne da ke dawowa daga Makka.

Lokacin da wutar ta mamaye jirgin, wasu fasinjoji cikin fidda rai suka yi tsalle cikin ruwa.

Karancin kwale-kwalen ceto ya sa ba a iya ceton karin mutane ba.

Mutum 354 ne kawai suka tsira daga bala'in.

Gobarar ta sa jirgin ya kife, lamarin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar sama da mutum 1,000 tare da jikkata da raunata daruruwan wadanda suka tsira.

4- Titanic, 14-15 Afirelu, 1912 (Birtaniya) mutum 1550 suka rasu

Jaridun lokacin sun bayyana shahararren jirgin a matsayin "fadar sarauta mai iyo".

Da tsawonsa ya kaimita 269 da fadinsa mita 28.5, benaye takwas, lif da kuma damar daukar mutum 3,000, MS Titanic ya kasance kamar wani kato na teku wanda babu abin da zai same shi.

Yana dauke da duk abin jin dadi da ake bukata: wutar lantarki da dumama, dakuna masu bandaki, dakunan zama na alfarma, wurin iyo da sauransu.

A tafiyarsa ta farko, jirgin ya tashi daga Southampton na Ingila ranar 10 ga Afrilu 1912 zuwa New York.

A cikinsa akwai kusan mutum 2,200, ma'aikata da fasinjoji, ciki har da masu hannu da shuni.

Kwana hudu bayan tafiyarsa ta fara, jirgin da ake ganin yana daga cikin mafi aminci a duniya ya yi hatsari a Tekun Atlantika bayan ya bugi wani kankarar dutse ranar 14 ga Afrilu 1912 da karfe 11:40 na dare.

Ruwa ya fara shiga jirgin, kuma cikin kasa da sa'o'i uku Titanic ya nutse gaba daya a tazarar kusan kilomita 900 daga gabar Newfoundland.

Karancin kwale-kwalen ceto da kuma firgici sun hana fitar da kowa lafiya.

Kimanin mutum 1,550 suka mutu, yayin da mutum 711 kawai aka kai New York da rai.

Nutsewar Titanic ta sanya wannan bala'i ya zama daya daga cikin manyan hatsarurrukan jiragen ruwa a tarihi kuma daga baya aka shirya wani fim mai nasara a karshen shekarun 1990.

3- Le Joola, 26 ga watan Satumban 2002 (Senegal) mutum 1,864 suka rasu

Ranar 26 ga Satumba 2002, Le Joola ya tashi daga tashar Ziguinchor da ke kudancin Senegal zuwa Dakar.

A cikinsa akwai kusan fasinjoji 2,000 duk da cewa karfinsa bai wuce mutum 550 ba.

A gabanin fara zangon karatu na shekarar 2002, iyalai da dama, mata, yara da dalibai sun hau jirgin daga Ziguinchor suna fatan isa Dakar da safe ranar 27 ga Satumba.

Da misalin karfe 10:30 na dare, yayin da jirgin ke bakin tekun Gambiya, wata guguwar yanayi mai karfin gaske ta afka masa, alhali daya daga cikin injunansa ya lalace.

Ruwan sama mai karfi da iska mai tsananin gudu har knot 35 (kilomita 65 cikin awa) sun dinga bugun jirgin.

Fasinjojin da ke benayen dama suka koma dayan bangaren domin neman mafaka.

A cikin rumbun jirgin, kayayyaki da motoci marasa kullewa suka karkata gefe guda, lamarin da ya sa Le Joola ya karkata sosai zuwa bangaren hagunsa.

Karkatar jirgin ta ba ruwa damar shiga ta tagogin gefensa.

Nan take jirgin ya kife da sauri.

Wadanda suka tsira sun ba da labarin hayaniya, kururuwa, mutane da suka makale suna neman hanyar fita.

A hukumance mutum 1,864 suka mutu yayin da mutum 64 kawai suka tsira.

Yayin da iyalai ke neman a fito da gawar jirgin daga karkashin ruwa, gwamnatin Senegal ta gina gidan tarihi da wurin tunawa da wannan bala'i a tashar Ziguinchor.

2- Doña Paz, 20 ga watan Disamba, 1987 (Philippines) mutum 4386 suka rasu

Doña Paz jirgin ruwa ne na Philippines.

Har zuwa yau, shi ne ke rike da tarihin mafi yawan mace-mace a hatsarin jirgin ruwa a lokacin zaman lafiya.

A daren 20 ga Disamba 1987, kwanaki kadan kafin Kirsimeti, jirgin yana tafiya daga Tacloban zuwa Manila.

A hukumance, karfin jirgin mutum 1,500 ne.

Sai dai a cikinsa akwai kusan mutum 4,400, da dama daga cikinsu suna tafiya ba tare da tikiti ba.

Da misalin karfe 10:30 na dare, Doña Paz ya yi karo da wani karamin jirgin dakon mai, mai suna Vector wanda ke dauke da fiye da lita miliyan daya ta man fetur da aka tace.

Fashewar tankokin jirgin dakon man ta yada wuta nan take zuwa Doña Paz.

Tasirin hatsarin ya kasance mai muni matuka.

Cikin mintuna kaɗan jirgin ya kama da wuta gaba daya.

Fasinjoji sun makale a dakunansu, yayin da wasu suka yi tsalle cikin teku domin guje wa gobarar, amma saman ruwan ya cika da man da ke ci da wuta.

A hukumance, adadin wadanda suka mutu ya kai kusan 4,386.

Sai dai wasu na ganin adadin ya fi haka saboda mutanen da suka shiga jirgin ba tare da tikiti ba.

Mutum 26 ne kawai jiragen kamun kifi da masu wucewa suka ceto.

Shaidun gani da ido sun bayyana gawawwakin da suka kone suna shawagi a cikin teku mai cike da wuta.

Cunkoso da daukar fasinjoji fiye da kima sun kasance daga cikin abubuwan da suka taimaka ga bala'in, baya ga wannan karo da jirgin dakon mai ba bisa ka'ida ba.

1- Wilhelm Gustloff, 30 ga watan Janairu, 1945 (Germany) mutum 9000 suka rasu

Mafi munin hatsarin jirgin ruwa a tarihi, wanda ba a yawan magana a kansa, ya faru ne a lokacin yaki.

Ranar 30 ga Janairu 1945, Wilhelm Gustloff, wani babban jirgin ruwa na Jamus, ya nutse a cikin sanyi mai tsanani na Tekun Baltic, lamarin da ya yi sanadin mutuwar dubban mutane, mafi yawansu fararen hula.

Jirgin, wanda ke karkashin gwamnatin Nazi, ya tashi daga Kiel zuwa Hamburg ranar 30 ga Janairu 1945 kafin ya shiga ruwan Tekun Baltic a boye.

A cikinsa akwai kusan mutum 10,000, ciki har da fararen hula 9,000 da ke gudun ci gaban sojojin Rasha da kuma ma'aikatan ruwa kusan 1,000.

Da misalin karfe 6 na yamma ranar 30 ga Janairu 1945, wani jirgin karkashin ruwa na Soviet mai suna S-13 karkashin jagorancin Kyaftin Alexander Marinesko ya gano jirgin.

Da karfe 9 na dare, yayin da yake cikin zangon harbi, torpedo guda hudu suka bugi jirgin na Jamus.

Mutane da yawa sun mutu sakamakon fashe-fashen da kuma nutsewa bayan jirgin ya kife.

Ana kiyasta adadin wadanda suka mutu tsakanin mutum 6,000 zuwa 9,000.

Mafi yawan masana tarihi sun amince cewa kusan mutum 9,000 ne suka rasa rayukansu.

Wasu sun bayyana harin a matsayin laifin yaki.

Sai dai wasu na ganin kasancewar ma'aikatan ruwa na Jamus masu dauke da makamai kusan 1,000 a cikin jirgin ya sa ba za a iya kiransa laifin yaki ba.

Har zuwa yau, babu wani hatsarin jirgin ruwa da ya yi sanadin mutuwar mutane da yawa kamar wannan.

Yanayin Yaƙin Duniya na Biyu da kuma Yaƙin Cacar Baki da ya biyo baya sun sa wannan bala'i ya kasance a inuwa har tsawon lokaci.