A zamanin wane shugaban ne ƴan Najeriya suka fi fuskantar talauci?

A makon da ya gabata ne wata mahawara ta kaure tsakanin shugaban Najeriya, Bola Ahmed Tinubu da abokan hamayya kan wane ne ya gadar da talauci ga ƴan Najeriya.

Bola Ahmed Tinubu ya ce matsalolin yunwa da talauci da ake gani yanzu sun samo asali ne daga matsalolin da gwamnatocin baya suka bari, yayin da gwamnatinsa ke ƙoƙarin gyara tattalin arziƙin ƙasar ta hanyar sauye-sauye kamar cire tallafin mai da gyaran kasuwar canji.

A gefe guda kuma, 'yan adawa da wasu tsoffin shugabanni sun zargi gwamnatin Tinubu da ƙara tsananta talauci. Misali, Olusegun Obasanjo ya soki sauye-sauyen tattalin arziƙin gwamnatin, yana mai cewa faɗuwar darajar naira da cire tallafin mai sun ƙara jefa mutane cikin talauci.

Shi ma tsohon mataimakin shugaban Najeriya, kuma ɗan takarar shugaban ƙasa a jam'iyyar ADC, Atiku Abubakar ya alaƙanta manufofin tattalin arziƙin gwamnatin Bola Ahmed Tinubu, musamman cire tallafin mai da sauye-sauyen kasuwar canji, da waɗanda suka ƙara jefa ƴan Najeriya cikin talauci da wahala.

Shin a wane lokaci ne ƴan Najeriya suka fi fuskantar talauci? BBC ta tattauna da Dakta Isma'il Anchau, malami a kwalejin fasaha ta gwamnatin tarayya da ke Kaduna, dangane da wannan batu.

Mene ne talauci?

A mahangar Bankin Duniya, talauci na nufin yanayin da mutum ba shi da isassun kuɗaɗen da za su biya masa muhimman buƙatun rayuwa kamar abinci, muhalli, sutura, lafiya da ilimi.

Bankin Duniya kan auna matsanancin talauci ta hanyar duba ko mutum na rayuwa da ƙasa da wani adadin kuɗi a rana.

A halin yanzu, Bankin Duniya na amfani da ma'aunin dala $2.15 a rana ga kowane mutum wajen tantance matsanancin talauci a duniya. Duk wanda ke rayuwa da ƙasa da wannan adadi ana ɗaukar sa cikin matsanancin talauci.

Game da Najeriya, bankin ya bayyana cewa talauci ba wai kawai ƙarancin kuɗi ba ne, har ma yana bayyana a wasu abubuwa kamar haka:

Zamanin mulkin soja, 1980 - 1999

Dakta Isma'il Anchau ya ce sanin girman talauci a zamanin mulkin soja na da ɗan wahala saboda a wancan lokaci ba a da cikakkun bayanan da ake amfani da su a yau wajen auna talauci.

Duk da haka, bayanan hukumomi da masu bincike sun nuna cewa talauci ya ƙaru sosai daga shekarun 1980 zuwa ƙarshen mulkin soja a 1999.

Bisa ga bayanan tsohuwar hukumar ƙididdiga ta Najeriya, FOS, wanda daga baya National Bureau of Statistics (NBS) ta ci gaba da wallafawa da kuma amfani da su a bincike-binciken tattalin arziƙi, adadin talauci a Najeriya ya ƙaru daga kusan kashi 28.1 a shekarar 1980 zuwa kusan kashi 65.6 a shekarar 1996.

Mulkin Olusegun Obasanjo, 1999 - 2007

A zamanin mulkin farar hula na Olusegun Obasanjo daga 1999-2007, bayanan talauci da aka fi yawan amfani da su daga hukumar ƙididdiga ta Najeriya NBS sun nuna cewa talauci ya ragu idan aka kwatanta da ƙarshen mulkin soja.

Alkaluman hukumar sun nuna cewa a 2004 talauci ya sauka zuwa kusan kaso 54.4 a lokacin mulkin Olusegun Obasanjo.

Umar Musa Ƴar'adua, 2007 - 2010

A lokacin mulkin Umaru Musa Yar'Adua 2007-2010, alƙaluman hukumar NBS sun nuna cewa talauci ya ƙaru idan aka kwatanta da bayanan da aka samu a lokacin Olusegun Obasanjo.

Alƙaluma sun nuna cewa a ƙarshen mulkin Yar'Adua da farkon mulkin Goodluck Jonathan, talauci ya kai kusan 69.0 daga 54.4 da aka sani a shekarun 2004 na mulkin Obasanjo.

Goodluck Ebele Jonathan, 2010 - 2015

A zamanin mulkin Goodluck Jonathan a tsakanin 2010-2015, akwai muhawara kan yadda za a auna talauci saboda an yi amfani da ma'aunai daban-daban.

Amma bayanan da hukumar ƙididdiga ta Najeriya, NBS ta fi wallafawa sun nuna cewa talauci ya fara raguwa bayan ya kai kololuwa a 2010.

Jadawalin alƙaluma ƙarƙashin Jonathan a tsawon shekaru 5 na mulkinsa:

Muhammadu Buhari, 2015 - 2023

A zamanin mulkin marigayi Muhammadu Buhari daga 2015 zuwa 2023, an samu sauyi a yadda ake auna talauci, saboda haka ba a da adadi guda da za a kwatanta kai tsaye da na 2010.

Duk da haka, bayanan Bankin Duniya da NBS sun nuna cewa talauci ya ƙaru inda ya ci gaba da kasancewa babban ƙalubale, musamman bayan koma bayan tattalin arziƙi na 2016 da kuma annobar COVID-19.

Daga 2018 zuwa 2019, kusan kaso 30.9 na ƴan Najeriya sun rayu ƙarƙashin ma'aunin matsanancin talauci na duniya wato ƙsa da $2.15 a rana, bisa bayanan Bankin Duniya.

Alƙaluman hukumar NBS na shekarar 2022, sun nuna cewa kimanin mutane miliyan 133, wato kusan kaso 63 na ƴan Najeriya, suna fama da talauci ta fannoni da dama. Wannan rahoton ya fito ne a ƙarshen mulkin Buhari.

Bola Tinubu, 2023 - yanzu

A zamanin mulkin Bola Ahmed Tinubu daga Mayu 2023 zuwa yanzu, alƙaluman talauci da aka fi amfani da su sun fito ne daga Bankin Duniya, wanda ya yi hasashen cewa talauci ya ƙaru sakamakon hauhawar farashi, matsalolin tattalin arziƙi da kuma girgizar tattalin arziƙi da ƙasar ta fuskanta.

A rahoton Bankin Duniya na Oktoba 2024, an kiyasta cewa kusan kaso 47 na ƴan Najeriya suna rayuwa cikin talauci sakamakon tsananin rayuwa da cire tallafin man fetur da haraji da manufofin jari hujja suka haddasa, in ji Dakta Isma'il Anchau.

"Hauhawar farashi sai da ya kai kashi 22 lokacin da Tinubu ya karɓi mulki amma a watan Mayu na 2025 sai da ya kai kashi 34. Amma da aka shiga Yuni sai aka ce ya koma kashi 24. Yanzu ana nuna cewa kashi 15 da dan wani abu. To amma idan dai aka duba za a ga hauhawar farashin da aka samu a wannan lokacin da Shugaba Tinubu ya fi da lokacin baya..., in ji Dakta Isma'il Anchau.