Manyan asarori 5 da Boko Haram ta janyo wa Najeriya

Kimanin shekara 17 kenan tun bayan da ungiyar Boko Haram ta fara ƙaddamar da hare-harenta a Najeriya, rikicin da ya sauya rayuwar miliyoyin mutane tare da haifar da ɗaya daga cikin manyan matsalolin tsaro da jin ƙai a tarihin ƙasar.

Ƙungiyoyin Jamatu Ahlis Sunna Lidda'awati Wal-Jihad (JAS) da aka fi sani da Boko Haram, da kuma Daular Islamic State da Ke Afirka ta Yamma (ISWAP), da ta ɓalle daga Boko Haram, sun janyo manyan asarori masu yawa wa ƙasar a fannoni daban-daban.

Tun daga farkon rikicin a arewa maso gabashin Najeriya, dubban mutane sun rasa rayukansu, yayin da miliyoyi suka rasa matsugunansu sakamakon hare-hare, sace-sace da rikice-rikicen da suka biyo baya.

Baya ga asarar rayuka da ƙaura, rikicin ya yi matuƙar illa ga tattalin arziki da ilimi da ayyukan ci gaban al'umma, inda yankuna da dama suka fuskanci koma baya sakamakon rashin tsaro da lalacewar ababen more rayuwa.

A cikin shekaru biyun da suka gabata an samu sauye-sauye a yanayin rikicin, ciki har da raguwar ikon mayaƙan a wasu wurare da kuma ci gaba da kai hare-hare a wasu sassan yankin Tafkin Chadi, lamarin da ke nuna cewa har yanzu barazanar ba ta kau gaba ɗaya ba.

Waɗanne manyan asarorin da Boko Haram ta haifar wa Najeriya, kuma wane tasiri wannan rikici ya yi ga al'umma, tattalin arziki da makomar ƙasar gaba ɗaya?

Jerin asarorin

Dr Kabiru Adamu shugaban Kamfanin Beacon Security Limited, mai nazari kan al'amuran tsaro a yankin Sahel ya ce ayyukan ƙungiyoyin biyu masu iƙirarin jihadi sun haifar wa Najeriya tarin asara da dama.

Masanin ya ce duk da cewa gwamnatin ƙasa a matakai daban-daban sun yi koƙari rage wasu jerin asarar, wasu za a kwace shekaru masu yawa ba tare da magance su ba.

''A takaice waɗannan ƙungiyoyin sun janyo bala'i mai zurfi ga tsaro da tattalin arziki da zamantakewar ƙasar Najeriya, wanda zai ɗauki shekaru masu yawa da kuɗaɗe masu yawa kafin a iya gyara su gaba ɗaya'', in ji shi.

Ya kuma lissafo wasu daga cikin fitattun asarar da yake ganin ayyukan ƙungiyoyin sun haifar wa Najeriya da suka haɗa da

1. Asarar rayuka

Babbar asara a yaƙi ita ce ta rasa rai, wanda kuma na daga cikin manyan asarar da Najeriya ta yi a yaƙi da Boko Haram.

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce an kashe dubban mutane sakamakon hare-haren da ƙungiyoyin suka kai tsakanin shekarar 2009 zuwa yau, inda kimanin mutane 30,000 ne aka kashe.

Mutunen da aka kashe sun haɗa da fararen hular da ba su ba su gani ba, da kuma jami'an tsaro daban-daban.

''Hakan kuma dubban mutane sun ji raunuka, yayin da aka yi garkuwa da mata da yara don neman kuɗin fansa ko kuma tilasta musu shiga cikin ƙungiyoyin'', in ji masanin tsaron.

2. Tilasta wa mutane gudun hijira

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce wata asarar da yaƙin Boko Haram ya janyo wa NAjeriya shi en asarar gidaje da makarantu da gine-ginen gwamnati.

A lokuta da dama ƙungiyar ta riƙa ƙaddanmar da hare-hare kan manyan garuruwa da ƙauyuka tare da ƙona gidaje, musamman a jihar Borno, lamarin da ya tilasta wa mutane barin gidajensu.

''Fiye da mutum miliyan biyu zuwa uku ne suka zama ƴangudun hijira a yankin arewa maso gabas da sauran sassan ƙasar'', in ji Shugaban Kamfanin na Beacon Security.

Ya ƙara da cewa wannan ya haifar da babban nauyi kan harkokin agaji, inda da yawa ke rayuwa a sansanonin gudun hijira ko kuma suna fuskantar wahala mai tsanani idan sun yi ƙoƙarin komawa gida.

3. Rushewar tattalin arziki

Majalisar Dinkin Duniya da Bankin Duniya sun ƙiyasta cewa ƙungiyar Boko Haram ta janyo asarar dala biliyan tara sakamakon lalata kayayyaki da kuma rugujewar harkokin tattalin arziki a yankin Arewa maso Gabashin Najeriya.

Haka kuma harkokin tattalin arziki a yankin Arewa maso Gabas sun ragu da kusan kashi 50% saboda rashin tsaro.

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce an samu babban bala'in ƙarancin abinci saboda manoma sun bar gonakinsu saboda matsalar tsaro, wanda ya hana noma da kuma samar da abinci a yankin.

Haka ma a kowace shekara gwamnati kan ware maƙudan kuɗaɗe a kasafin kuɗin ƙasar, domin yaƙi da waɗannan ƙungiyoyi.

''Da a ce babu waɗannan ƙungiyoyi, waɗannan kuɗaɗe sun isa gwamnati yin wasu ayyukan ci gaban ƙasa da suka shafi fannonin ilimi da lafiya da abubuwan more rayuwa'', in ji masanin tsaron.

5. Tabarbarewar tsaro

Rikicin Boko Haram ya janyo taɓarɓarewar tsaro a Najeriya, ƙasar da a baya ake yi wa kallon mafi ƙarfin soji a nahiyar Afirka.

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce rikicin ya haifar da rashin kwanciyar hankali mai tsanani, wanda ya bazu har zuwa ƙasashen makwabta a yankin tafkin Chadi, kamar ƙasashen Kamaru da Cahdi da kuma Jamhuriyar Nijar.

''Kodayake an samu saɓanin aƙida tsakanin Boko Haram da ISWAP, wanda ya kai ga kashe shugaban Boko Haram, Abubakar Shekau, a shekarar 2021, duka ƙungiyoyin biyu har yanzu suna zama barazana ga rayuwar fararen hula'', in masanin tsaron.

Ya ƙara da cewa gwamnati ta canza tsarin tsaro ciki har da rundunonin soji da ƴansanda. Haka ma hadaka tasakanin ƙasashe kamar ƙirƙirar rundunar haɗin gwiwar ƙasashenyankin Tafkin Chadi, wato Multi National Joint Task Force.

4. Koma bayan Ilimi, lafiya da zamantakewa

Dr Kabiru Adamu ya ce hare-haren Boko Haram sun haifar da mummunar koma-baya ga fannonin tattalin arziki da ilimi da kuma tsarin zamantakewa.

''An lalata makarantu da yawa da asibitoci, da kuma kayan aikin gwamnati a yankunan da rikicin ya shafa'', in ji shi.

Ya ƙara da cewa miliyoyin yara sun daina zuwa makarantu, saboda rufe makarantun ko kuma an lalata su, wanda ya dace da manufar ƙungiyar ta hana ilimin "boko".

''⁠Haka kuma ƙungiyoyin sun kashe manyan malamai masu ilimi na musamman na addinin musullunci'' a cewar masanin tsaron.