Ko Iran ce ke kai hare-hare kan cibiyoyin ruwa na Amurka?

Mutane da dama sun yi mamakin sanarwar da jihar Minnesota ta Amurka ta fitar a makon da ya gabata cewa sama da cibiyoyin ruwa 30 na fuskantar abin da ta kira "tsarin hare-haren intanet."

Bayan ƴan kwanaki, hukumar binciken manyan laifuka ta Amurka (FBI) ta yi gargaɗin cewa an samu hare-haren intanet a jihohi bakwai, inda wasu daga cikin hare-haren suka yi matuƙar tasiri kan ayyukan rarraba ruwa.

A cewar kafafen yaɗa labarai na Amurka, ana dakon hukumar tsaron intanet da kare muhimman ababen more rayuwa ta Amurka CISA, wadda za ta yi binciken yiwuwar hannun Iran a hare-haren da aka kai a Minnesota. Sai dai har yanzu CISA ba ta fitar da wata sanarwa kan lamarin ba.

Ko da yake Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump bai fito fili ya ɗora alhakin harin kan Iran ba, wasu ƙwararru kan harkokin tsaron intanet sun shaida wa BBC cewa akwai yiwuwa cewa Tehran ce ke da hannu a harin.

Shin akwai hannun Iran?

Morgan Wright, tsohon mai ba da shawara kan yaƙi da ta'addanci a ma'aikatar harkokin wajen Amurka, ya shaida wa BBC cewa irin waɗannan hare-haren na intanet sau da yawa ana danganta su da Koriya ta Arewa ko Iran.

"Wa muke zargi a yanzu? Tabbas Iran ce. Saboda haka, tana cikin sahun gaba na ƙasashen da ke da ƙarfi da kuma niyyar aiwatar da irin wannan hari," in ji shi.

A cewar CBS News, wadda ke hulɗa da BBC a Amurka, hukumomin leƙen asirin Amurka na kuma binciken ko wasu masu kutse sun yi amfani da sunan ƴan ƙasar Iran domin ƙara tsananta rikici tsakanin Amurka da Iran.

Jake Braun, tsohon muƙaddashin darakta kuma mataimakin daraktan harkokin tsaron ƙasa a Fadar White House, ya shaida wa BBC cewa gwamnatin Trump na fama da nata yaƙin kan yaɗa bayanai, don haka ba za ta amince da sauƙi ba cewa Iran ta kutsa cikin tsarin samar da ruwan Amurka ba, ko da kuwa an tabbatar da hakan.

A wani taron majalisar ministoci da aka gudanar a ranar Juma'ar da ta gabata, Shugaban Amurka Donald Trump, ɗan jam'iyyar Republican, ya zargi jami'an jihar Minnesota ciki har da gwamna Tim Walz da "gazawa" wadda ta bai wa masu kutse damar kai hari kan tsarin samar da ruwan jihar.

Sai dai Walz, ɗan jam'iyyar Democrat, ya mayar da martani da cewa: "Trump ya sani sarai wa ke da alhakin wannan hari, kuma ya san cewa wasu jihohi ma sun fuskanci irin wannan matsala."

Har yanzu Iran ba ta yi martani kan waɗannan hare-haren ba. Sai dai a cikin ƴan shekarun nan Tehran ta sha musanta hannu a wasu hare-haren intanet da aka zarge ta da aikatawa, ciki har da waɗanda aka kai kan tsarin samar da ruwa, yaƙin neman zaɓen shugaban ƙasa, asibitoci, da kuma wani kamfanin caca a birnin Las Vegas a shekarar 2014.

Bayan zargin da aka yi a shekarar 2016 cewa an kai hare-haren intanet kan wani banki da kuma madatsar ruwa da ke wajen birnin New York, kakakin Ma'aikatar Harkokin Wajen Iran ya ce Amurka ba ta gabatar da wata hujja da ke tabbatar da zarge-zargen ba.

"Iran ba ta taɓa shirya kai hare-hare masu haɗari a duniyar intanet ba, kuma ba ta goyon bayan irin waɗannan matakai," in ji kakakin ma'aikatar, Hossein Jaberi Ansari, a wata hira da gidan talabijin na gwamnatin Iran a lokacin.

Shin wannan ya yi daidai da irin sauye-sauyen da ake gani a Iran?

Masana sun shaida wa BBC cewa Iran tana da tarihin aiwatar da irin waɗannan hare-haren ta hanyar intanet.

Sun bayyana cewa akwai yiwuwar wasu ƙungiyoyi masu goyon bayan Iran da ke aiki daga wajen ƙasar ne suka kai harin.

"Wannan yana sa ya zama da wuya a tantance wa ke da alhakin kai harin, domin idan duk hare-haren da ƙungiyoyin da ke aiwatar da su suna fitowa daga cikin Iran, abu ne mai sauƙi a danganta lamarin da Iran," in ji Morgan Wright.

Ya ƙara da cewa irin wannan salo yana ba masu aikata laifukan intanet damar gudanar da ayyukansu tare da amfani da hujjojin da za su sa zargin ya yi kama da gaskiya.

"Suna yin hakan ne domin su ɓoye ainihin sawunsu da kuma wanda ya shirya harin," in ji shi.

Wani bincike da sashen tantance labarai na BBC wato BBC Verify, ya gudanar ya gano cewa da dama daga cikin hare-haren intanet da aka kai wa Amurka da Isra'ila a bana an danganta su da wata ƙungiya mai suna Handala.

Ma'aikatar Shari'a ta Amurka ta danganta ƙungiyar da Iran, tana mai cewa tana aiki ne a madadin Ma'aikatar Leken Asiri da Tsaron Cikin Gida ta Iran MOIS.

A baya, Daraktan FBI, Kash Patel, ya zargi ƙungiyar Handala da samun bayanan sirri da kuma saƙonnin imel na wasu mutane a cikin kwanakin baya.

BBC ta kuma gano cewa sabon harin intanet da aka kai a Amurka, wanda ake zargin Handala ce ta aiwatar, ya faru ne a tsakiyar watan Yuni. Ƙungiyar ta yi ikirarin cewa ta kai hari kan tsarin samar da ruwa na jihar California ne a matsayin martani ga harin da Amurka ta kai kan wasu cibiyoyin samar da ruwa na Iran.

Wasu hare-haren intanet da aka danganta da Iran

Shin hare-haren intanet na iya shafar samar da ruwa?

Masana sun shaida wa BBC cewa babbar barazanar da hare-haren intanet ke haifarwa ba wai lalata tsarin samar da ruwan kai tsaye ba ne, illa jefa kokwanto kan a zukatan jama'a kan ko ruwan da suke amfani shi yaya ɗauke da wasu sinadarai.

"Suna barazana ne ga amincewar da muke da ita kan gwamnatinmu musamman a lokacin da ƙasar ke fama da rarrabuwar kai game da batun yaƙi," in ji Jake Braun.

Masanan sun ƙara da cewa akwai yiwuwar wata rana wasu ƙungiyoyin masu kutse ta intanet da ke da alaƙa da Iran su yi nasarar haddasa babbar illa ga tsarin samar da ruwa a Amurka.

A cewar Morgan Wright, irin waɗannan hare-haren na iya janyo fitar sinadarai masu haɗari, katse samar da ruwa, ko kuma lalata na'urori da kayan aikin da ake amfani da su wajen tacewa da rarraba ruwa.

Hukumar tsaron intanet da kare muhimman ababen more rayuwa ta Amurka CISA tare da hukumar kare muhalli ta Amurka EPA sun bayyana a wata sanarwa ta haɗin gwiwa cewa hare-haren intanet na ɗaya daga cikin manyan barazanar da ke fuskantar kamfanoni da hukumomin da ke kula da ayyukan samar da ruwa.

Amurka na da kusan tsarin samar da ruwan sha na jama'a 152,000, sannan tana da fiye da cibiyoyin tace ruwan sharar gida 16,000.