Matsaloli 5 da suka hana Najeriya zama giwar Afirka

A daidai ƴan Najeriya ke cigaba da bukukuwan cika shekara 66 da samun ƴancin kai daga turawan mulkin mallaka, wasu a gefe muhawara suke tafkawa kan ko lallai wankin ya biya kuɗin sabulu.

Duk da cewa ana yi wa ƙasar kallon giwar Afirka, wadda ke da ɗimbin albarkatu da tarin jama'a, wasu matsaloli sun yi mata katutu, inda suka hana ta rawar gaban hantsi, ballanta har ƴan ƙasar su wattsake.

Tsaro, talauci, rashawa, sauyin yanayi da rashin aikin yi na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da suka daɗe suna taɗiye ƙafafun ƙasar, har suke hana tabbatar da ɗimbin albarkatun da take da su zuwa ingantacciyar rayuwa ga mafi yawan jama'arta.

A wani rahoto na ƙididdigar Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya ta shekarar 2025, Najeriya na da yawan jama'a kusan miliyan 237.5 a 2025, kuma tattalin arzikinta ya kai kimanin dala biliyan 290.8.

Rahoton Bankin Duniya na Afrilu 2026 ya ce tattalin arzikin Najeriya ya samu ci gaba wajen daidaita wasu matsalolin tattalin arziki, amma talauci ya kasance mai yawa, kuma kudaden shiga na gidaje ba su farfado yadda ya kamata ba.

Rashin tsaro

Rashin tsaro ya daɗe yana shafar sassa daban-daban na Najeriya na gomman shekaru, kuma ya shafi al'umomi daban-daban.

Najeriya na fama da matsalolin tsaro aƙalla guda biyar da suka addabi ƙasar, kamar Boko Haram da ƴan fashin daji da rikicin ƙabilanci da masu fafutikar ɓallewa daga Najeriya da ma masu fasa bututun mai, lamarin da ya sa sojojin Najeriya ke shan wahala wajen magance matsalar.

Binciken European Union Agency for Asylum (EUAA), wanda ya dogara da bayanan ACLED daga 1 ga Janairu 2024 zuwa 31 ga Disamba 2025, ya ruwaito abubuwan da suka shafi tsaro 8,654 a Najeriya.

A wannan lokacin kuma, ACLED ta yi ƙiyasin mutum 21,504 sun rasa rayukansu sakamakon abubuwan da aka ayyana a matsayin faɗace-faɗace da hare-hare da sauran matsalolin tsaro.

Rahoton ya kuma ce sama da mutum miliyan 3.57 ne suka kasance ƴan gudun hijira a cikin Najeriya zuwa watan Agustan 2025.

Matsalar garkuwa da mutane ma tana ci gaba. A wani sabon rahoto na ACLED na Satumban 2026, ƙungiyar ta ce garkuwa da mutane ya ƙaru sosai a 2025 idan aka kwatanta da 2024, yayin da sama da kashi 80 cikin 100 na manyan garkuwa da mutane tun farkon 2025 aka danganta su da ƴanbindiga.

Talauci

Talauci na daga cikin manyan matsalolin da ke rage tasirin ƙarfin tattalin arzikin Najeriya.

Asusun IMF a watan Yunin 2026 ya ce talauci a Najeriya ya kai kashi 63 cikin 100. Haka kuma, IMF ya ƙiyasta cewa mutum miliyan 27 sun fuskanci matsalar rashin isasshen abinci a kaka ta 2025.

Matsalar ta kara tsananta saboda tsadar abinci. Bankin Duniya ya ce gidaje masu ƙaramin ƙarfi na iya kashe har zuwa kashi 70 cikin 100 na kuɗin shigarsu kan abinci, wanda ke nuna yadda hauhawar farashin kaya ke iya shafar talakawa fiye da masu karamin nauyi na kashe kudi kan abinci.

Wani rahoto da Bankin Duniya ya fitar ya yi hasashen cewa za a samu ƙarin miliyoyin ƴan Najeriya da za su auka cikin talauci nan da shekarar 2027, inda bankin ya ce talauci zai ƙaru da kashi 3.6 cikin 100.

Rahoton ya bayyana cewa dogaro da Najeriya ke yi kan man fetur, da raunin tattalin arziƙi, da kuma matsalolin shugabanci ne manyan dalilan da za su haifar da ƙarin talauci a ƙasar.

Cin hanci da rashawa

A duk lokacin da aka yi batun rashin jin daɗi da more ɗimbin arzikin Najeriya da ƴan ƙasar ke fama da shi, abin da ke fara zuwa shi ne zargin yadda rashawa ke hana ƙasar sakat.

Rashawa na iya rage tasirin kuɗin da gwamnati ke kashewa wajen samar da makarantu, asibitoci, hanyoyi, ruwa, wutar lantarki da sauran ayyukan more rayuwa ga ƴan ƙsa.

Wani rahoton na "Corruption Perceptions Index 2025" na Transparency International, wanda aka wallafa a 10 ga Fabrairu 2026, ya ba Najeriya maki 26 cikin 100, inda ta kasance ta 142 cikin ƙasashe 182.

Rahoton ya ƙara da cewa maki da Najeriya ta samu bai canza ba daga na 2024 ba, ko da yake matsayinta ya sauka daga na 140 zuwa na 142.

Wani binciken Afrobarometer da aka wallafa a Mayun 2025 ya nuna cewa kashi 80 cikin 100 na ƴan Najeriya da aka yi wa tambaya sun ce rashawa ta ƙaru ko dai "kaɗan" ko "sosai" a shekarar da ta gabata.

Binciken ya kuma gano cewa daga cikin waɗanda suka nemi wasu hidimomin gwamnati, wasu sun bayar da rahoton biyan cin hanci domin samun taimako ko ƴansanda ko takardun gwamnati ko wasu abubuwan daban.

A watan Yulin bana, Hukumar ICPC ta gano ma'aikatan bogi 908 a wasu ma'aikatun ƙasar, sannan ta ce ta ƙwace kusan naira miliyan 942 da ake zargi suna da alaƙa da badaƙalar biyan albashin ma'aikatan bogin.

Sauyin yanayi

Sauyin yanayi wani abu ne da ya daɗe yana nakasa Najeriya, amma ba a ciki ba shi kula sosai ba.

Alƙaluman shekarar 2025 sun nuna cewa sauyin yanayi na shafar jama'a da dama a sassa daban-daban na Najeriya.

Rahoton State of the Climate in Nigeria 2025 na NiMet, wanda aka wallafa a Fabrairu 2026, ya ce a cikin shekara goma na 2016 zuwa 2025, tara daga ciki sun kasance mafiya zafi da aka taɓa samu.

A daya bangaren kuma, ambaliya ta ci gaba da lalata gidaje, gonaki da ababen more rayuwa. NiMet ta ce ambaliyar 2025 ta fi shafar jihohi da dama, ciki har da Niger, Kwara, Borno, Ondo da Rivers, yayin da Mokwa a jihar Niger ta fuskanci daya daga cikin mafi muni.

Matsalar ta shafi tattalin arziki saboda noma yana dogaro sosai da yanayi. Fari na iya lalata amfanin gona; ambaliya kuma na iya wanke gonaki, hanyoyi da gidaje, tare da raba dubbai da muhallansu.

Ƙarancin ayyukan yi masu inganci

Daga cikin manyan matsalolin Najeriya akwai rashin aikin yi, lamarin da a wasu lokutan ake alaƙantawa da matsalolin tsaro.

Sabuwar hanyar ƙididdigar NBS, wadda ta dace da ƙa'idojin duniya, ta sanya mutumin da ke aiki na tsawon sa'o'i 20 ko ƙasa da haka a matsayin mai aiki. Wannan ya sa alƙaluman rashin aikin yi suka yi ƙasa sosai idan aka kwatanta da tsohuwar hanyar ƙididdiga.

Sabon rahoton NBS da aka fitar ya nuna cewa rashin aikin yi ya kasance kashi 4.3 a rubu'i na biyu na 2024, yayin da tsakanin matasa masu shekara 15 zuwa 24 ya kasance kashi 6.5. Rahoton ya kuma nuna cewa kashi 93 na aikin yi yana cikin ɓangarorin da ba na albashi ba.

Abin da ya fi jan hankali shi ne ƙaruwar masu neman aikin yi a Najeriya, inda duk shekara dubban matasa ke kammala karatu ba tare da takamaiman aiki a ƙasa ba.