Impanuka 6 mbi cyane zo mu mazi zahungabanyije isi

Mu mpera za z'uku kwezi wa Cyenda (9) abaturage bo muri Senegal bibuka kimwe mu bintu bibabaje kurusha ibindi byose bahuye nabyo nk'igihugu.

Ku ya 26 Nzeri(9) 2002, ubwato bwa Le Joola, bwatangaga serivisi yo gutwara abantu mu mazi hagati ya Ziguinchor, mu majyepfo ya Senegal na Dakar, bwarohamye ku nkombe za Gambia.

Ibiza byahitanye abantu barenga 1.800, biracyafatwa nk'impanuka mbi cyane yo mu mazi yigeze kubaho muri Afurika.

Ariko ku rwego rw'isi, habaye ibiza bikomeye kurushaho. Andi mahanga na yo yagombaga kuririra ubuzima bw'abantu baguye mu nyanja.

Bimwe muri ibyo biza byasize ikimenyetso mu mateka, bitewe n'imimerere yatumye bibaho ndetse n'umubare munini w'abantu batakaje ubuzima bwabo.

Muri iyi nkuru, BBC News Africa irabagezaho inkuru zivuga ku mpanuka esheshatu zo mu mazi zahungabanyije isi, impamvu zaziteye n'umubare w'abantu bapfuye kubera izi mpanuka.

6. Esitoniya – 28 Nzeri(9) 1994: abapfuye 852

Muri Esitoniya, Suwede na Finlande, hubatswe ingoro ndangamurage zo kwibuka abaguye mu mpanuka y'amazi yo mu bwato yabereye mu bwato bwa Estoniya ku ya 28 Nzeri 1994.

Esitoniya yari ubwato bwatangaga serivisi zo gutwara abantu mu mazi hagati ya Tallinn, umurwa mukuru wa Esitoniya uherereye ku kigobe cya Finlande, na Stockholm, umurwa mukuru wa Suwede.

Ibiza byabaye mu ijoro ryo ku ya 27 kugeza ku ya 28 Nzeri 1994. Muri iryo joro, iteganyagihe ryagaragaje ko hari umuyaga mwinshi n'imiraba minini cyane.

Nyuma yo kuva i Tallinn ku mugoroba wo ku ya 27 Nzeri, Esitoniya yahuye n'umuyaga mwinshi cyane n'imiraba myinshi ubwo yari mu rugendo rwerekeza i Stockholm.

Ahagana saa moya z'umugoroba, umuryango w'ubwato wananiwe kwihanganira imbaraga z'imiraba.

Amazi menshi yatangiye kwinjira mu bwato, bwatakaje uburinganire mbere yo kugwa bugahita bugwa mu mazi akonje yo mu Nyanja ya Baltique mu gihe kitarenze isaha imwe.

Abarokotse bavuze ko ibyabaye ari "ijoro ry'ikuzimu", aho abagenzi batangajwe n'umuvuduko w'ibintu byafatiwe mu bwato bitewe n'inzira zo gusohoka zafunzwe nyuma y'uko ubwato buguye.

Mu bagenzi 889 n'abakozi bari muri ubwo bwato, abantu 137 gusa ni bo barokowe.

Abantu 852, biganjemo Abanyasuwede 501 n'Abanyaestoniya 285, basize ubuzima bwabo muri iyo mpanuka, hamwe n'abandi bakomoka mu bindi bihugu byinshi.

Iperereza mpuzamahanga ryagaragaje ko hari ikibazo cya tekiniki ku muryango w'ubwato. Nyamara, ibitekerezo bitandukanye by'ubugambanyi bijyanye n'ibyabaye biracyakwirakwira kugeza na n'uyu munsi.

5. Al-Salaam Boccaccio – 6 Gashyantare(2) 2006 (Misiri): abapfuye 1.028

Tariki 3 Gashyantare(2) 2006, abantu bagera ku 1.400 binjiye mu bwato bwa As-Salam Boccaccio 98, ubwato bwo mu Misiri bumaze imyaka 35 bukora.

Ubwato bwari bwavuye ku cyambu cya Douba muri Arabiya Sawudite bwerekeza ku cyambu cya Safaga mu Misiri, hakurya y'inyanja itukura, nko mu birometero 600 mu majyepfo y'uburasirazuba bwa Cairo.

Nyuma gato yo kuva i Douba, inkongi y'umuriro yaratangiye, ariko ibyo ntibyabujije kapiteni w'ubwato gukomeza urugendo.

Abenshi mu bagenzi bari abashyitsi baturutse mu Misiri bagarutse bavuye i Maka.

Ubwo umuriro watangiraga gukwirakwira mu bwato, abagenzi bamwe bari bababaye birutse mu mazi.

Umubare muto w'ubwato bwo gutabara abantu watumye abantu benshi badashobora kurokorwa. Abantu 354 gusa ni bo barokotse ibiza.

Inkongi y'umuriro yatumye ubwato bugwa, bihitana abantu barenga 1.000 mu gihe amagana y'abarokotse yakomeretse bikomeye ndetse anakomereka cyane mu byiyumvo.

4. Titanic – 14-15 Mata(4) 1912 (Ubwongereza): abapfuye 1.550

Itangazamakuru ry'icyo gihe ryavuze ko Titanic izwi cyane ari "ingoro ireremba." Ifite uburebure bwa metero 269 n'ubugari bwa metero 28.5, amagorofa umunani, ascenseur n'ubushobozi bwo gutwara abantu 3.000, Titanic yafatwaga nk'ikinyamaswa cyo mu nyanja kitagira icyo cyageraho.

Yari ifite ibintu byose umuntu yakenera mu bijyanye n'ihumure: amashanyarazi n'ubushyuhe, ibyumba byo kuraramo bifite ubwiherero, ibyumba by'akataraboneka, pisine, n'ibindi bikoresho.

Mu rugendo rwayo rwa mbere, ubwato bwahagurutse i Southampton, mu Bwongereza, ku ya 10 Mata(4) 1912, bwerekeza i New York.

Abantu bagera ku 2.200 bari mu bwato, barimo abakozi n'abagenzi, bamwe muri bo bakaba bari abakire batashakaga kubura uru rugendo rudasanzwe.

Nyuma y'iminsi ine, ubwato, bufatwa nk'ubwato butekanye cyane ku isi, bwarohamye mu Nyanja ya Atalantika nyuma yo kugonga umusozi w'urubura saa 11:40 z'umugoroba ku ya 14 Mata(4) 1912.

Amazi yatangiye kwinjira mu bwato maze mu masaha atarenze atatu, ubwato bwa Titanic bwarohamye burundu mu birometero 900 uvuye ku nkombe za Newfoundland.

Ubuke bw'ubwato bwo gutabara buvanze n'ubwoba byatumye bidashoboka kurokora abantu bose.

Abantu bagera ku 1.550 batakaje ubuzima bwabo, abarokotse 711 gusa ni bo bagaruwe i New York.

Kurohama kwa Titanic byatumye ibiza biba kimwe mu biza bikomeye byo mu mazi, nyuma biza no kuba inkuru y'ibyakozwe neza cyane mu mpera z'imyaka ya 1990.

3. Le Joola - Ku ya 26 Nzeri 2002 (Senegal): hapfuye 1.864

Ku ya 26 Nzeri(9) 2002, Le Joola yavuye ku cyambu cya Ziguinchor, mu majyepfo ya Senegal, yerekeza i Dakar.

Hari abagenzi bagera ku 2.000 bari muri ubwo bwato, nubwo bwari bwagenewe gutwara abantu batarenze 550.

Mbere y'uko umwaka w'amashuri wa 2002 utangira, imiryango myinshi, abagore, abana n'abanyeshuri bari binjiye mu bwato i Ziguinchor kandi bari biteze kugera i Dakar mu gitondo cya kare cyo ku itariki 27 Nzeri(9).

Mu masaa kumi n'ebyiri n'igice, ubwato bwari bugeze ku nkombe za Gambia ubwo inkubi y'umuyaga yabugwagaho. Imwe muri moteri zabwo nayo yangiritse.

Imvura nyinshi ivanze n'umuyaga mwinshi wa knots 35, bingana na kilometero 65 ku isaha, yibasiye ubwato, bituma abagenzi bari ku kiraro cy'indege bajya hakurya kugira ngo barindwe.

Mu gice cyo hasi cy'ubwato, ibicuruzwa n'imodoka bitari bikingiwe neza byatangiye kugonda ku ruhande rumwe, bituma Le Joola ishyirwa ku rutonde rw'ubwato ibumoso bwayo mu buryo buteje akaga.

Ubwo ubwato bwatangiraga urugendo, amazi yinjiye mu madirishya maze atangira kuzura ubwato. Mu buryo butunguranye, ubwato bwarohamye vuba cyane.

Abarokotse bavuze ko hari akajagari mu bwato, aho abantu batakaga, abandi bagashaka uburyo babuvamo.

Muri rusange, abantu 1.864 batangajwe ko baguye muri ubwo bwato, aho abarokotse bari 64 gusa.

Nubwo imiryango ikomeje gusaba ko ubwato buvanwa mu nyanja, guverinoma ya Senegal yubatse Ingoro Ndangamurage yo kwibuka amakuba yabereye ku cyambu cya Ziguinchor, agace ubwato bwatangiriye urugendo rwabwo.

2. Doña Paz - Ku ya 20 Ukuboza (12) 1987 (Philippines): hapfuye abantu 4.386

Ubwato bwa Doña Paz bwari ubwato bwa Filipine. Kugeza n'uyu munsi, bufite agahigo ko kuba bufite umubare munini w'abapfuye mu mpanuka zo mu mazi zabaye mu gihe cy'amahoro.

Mu ijoro ryo ku ya 20 Ukuboza 1987, iminsi mike mbere ya Noheli, ubwato bwari buturutse i Tacloban bujya i Manila.

Ku mugaragaro, ubwato bwari bufite ubushobozi bwo gutwara abagenzi 1500. Ariko hari abagenzi bagera ku 4400, benshi muri bo bakaba bari mu rugendo badafite amatike.

Ahagana saa yine n'igice z'umugoroba (4:30 pm), ubwato bwa Doña Paz bwagonganye n'ubwato buto bw'amavuta, Vector, bwari butwaye litiro zisaga miliyoni imwe z'amavuta yatunganyijwe.

Iturika ryabaye mu matangi ya lisansi y'ubwato ryatumye inkongi ikwirakwira vuba muri Doña Paz. Ingaruka z'ibiza zari mbi cyane.

Mu minota mike, ubwato bwari bwarafashwe n'inkongi y'umuriro. Abagenzi bari bafatiwe mu byumba byabo, abandi basimbukira mu nyanja kugira ngo bahunge umuriro, ariko hejuru y'inyanja huzuye amavuta yaka.

Umubare w'abapfuye ku mugaragaro ubarirwa ku 4.386. Ariko, bamwe bemeza ko uwo mubare ushobora kuba munini cyane bitewe n'uko hari abagenzi bari bihishe mu bwato badafite amatike.

Abarokotse 26 gusa ni bo barokowe n'ubwato bw'abarobyi n'ubwato bwari bunyura aho.

Abatangabuhamya bavuze ko babonye imirambo yahiye ireremba mu nyanja y'inkongi z'umuriro.

Ubucucike bw'ubwato n'ubushobozi bwabwo byavuzwe ko ari byo byagize uruhare mu ibiza, hamwe n'impanuka yagonganye n'ubwato butwara lisansi bwari butwaye lisansi mu buryo butemewe n'amategeko.

1. Wilhelm Gustloff – 30 Mutarama 1945 (Ubudage): abapfuye 9.000

Iyi mpanuka ifatwa nk'impanuka ikomeye cyane yabereye mu mazi mu mateka, ariko ni ikintu kitavugwaho byinshi.

Ku ya 30 Mutarama 1945, ubwato butwara abagenzi bw'Abadage bwa Wilhelm Gustloff bwarohamye mu mazi akonje yo mu Nyanja ya Baltique, bihitana abantu ibihumbi, abenshi muri bo bakaba ari abasivili.

Ubwato bwari bufitwe n'ubutegetsi bw'Abanazi, bwavuye i Kiel mu Budage bwerekeza i Hamburg ku ya 30 Mutarama 1945, mbere yo kugenda mu mazi y'inyanja ya Baltique witonze.

Abantu bagera ku 10.000 bari mu bwato, barimo abasivili 9.000 bahungaga ingabo z'Uburusiya zari zigiye imbere n'abasare 1.000.

Ahagana saa kumi n'ebyiri z'umugoroba ku ya 30 Mutarama 1945, ubwato bwa Wilhelm Gustloff bwabonetse n'ubwato bw'Abasoviyeti bwa S-13, buyobowe na Kapiteni Alexander Marinesko.

Saa cyenda z'umugoroba, ubwo ubwato bw'Abadage bwari hafi aho, bwarashweho ibisasu bine bya torpedo.

Abantu benshi bapfuye bazize ibisasu no kurohama nyuma y'uko ubwato buguye.

Umubare w'abapfuye ubarirwa hagati ya 6.000 na 9.000. Abahanga mu by'amateka benshi bemeza ko abantu bagera ku 9.000 baguye muri ubwo bwicanyi.

Bamwe bavuze ko igitero cyagabwe kuri Wilhelm Gustloff ari icyaha cy'intambara. Ariko, abandi bizera ko kuba hari abasare b'Abadage bagera ku 1.000 bitwaje intwaro bikuraho amahirwe yo gufata ibyabaye nk'icyaha cy'intambara.