Kuki Amerika yafatiye ibihano kompanyi enye z'amabuye y'agaciro z'u Rwanda n'abazikuriye?

Leta y'Amerika yafatiye ibihano itsinda ry'abantu ivuga ko bakorana n'umutwe w'inyeshyamba wa M23 urwanya ubugetsi bwa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo (DRC) kubera "gukora magendu y'amabuye y'agaciro mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko riyakura mu burasirazuba bwa DRC riyajyana mu Rwanda".

Ibiro bishinzwe kugenzura imitungo yo mu mahanga (OFAC, mu mpine y'Icyongereza) byo muri minisiteri y'imari y'Amerika bivuga ko ibyo bihano biri muri gahunda yo gushyigikira amasezerano y'amahoro Perezida w'u Rwanda Paul Kagame na Perezida wa DRC Félix Tshisekedi bashyizeho umukono ku itariki ya kane Ukuboza (12) mu 2025.

Minisitiri w'imari w'Amerika Scott Bessent yagize ati: "Leta Zunze Ubumwe [z'Amerika] ntizizemerera udutsiko kungukira mu bucuruzi bunyuranyije n'amategeko bw'amabuye y'agaciro no guteza umutekano mucye mu karere."

"Umutungo w'amabuye y'agaciro wa Repubulika ya Demokarasi ya Congo ni uw'Abanye-Congo nyine. Tuyobowe na Perezida [Donald] Trump, tuzakomeza gufata ingamba ihamye ku bateza urugomo, ikoreshwa nabi [ry'iby'abandi], n'abagaba ibitero ku Banye-Congo."

Minisitiri w'ububanyi n'amahanga w'u Rwanda yabwiye BBC Gahuzamiryango mu butumwa bwo kuri telefone ko "nta cyo kubivugaho kuri ubu". Mu gihe cyashize, leta y'u Rwanda yahakanye gusahura umutungo kamere wa DRC urimo n'amabuye y'agaciro. U Rwanda ruvuga ko rufite amabuye y'agaciro menshi arimo na zahabu.

Leta ya DRC yashimye ibyo bihano ivuga ko Leta Zunze Ubumwe z'Amerika "zimaze gutera indi ntambwe mu kurwanya ibico bigaburira intambara yo mu burasirazuba" bw'icyo gihugu. Umuvugizi wa leta ya DRC Patrick Muyaya yatangaje ku rubuga X ko ibi bihano "byibutsa u Rwanda ko byihutirwa gukura ibiganza byarwo kuri RDC..."

Abafatiwe ibihano ku wa kane ni kompanyi Gasabo Gold Refinery LTD (Gasabo Gold) itunganya zahabu, ikorera i Kigali, umuyobozi (chairman) wayo Jean Malic Kalima na Bosco Kayobotsi, ushinzwe ibikorwa byayo bya buri munsi (General Manager).

BBC Gahuzamiryango yagerageje kuvugana na kompanyi Gasabo Gold Refinery n'umuyobozi wayo Kalima, kugeza ubu ntibarasubiza.

Amerika ivuga ko Kalima anagenzura ibikorwa by'izindi kompanyi zo mu Rwanda zicukura amabuye y'agaciro, ari zo Bugambira Mines LTD (Bugambira Mines), Wolfram Mining and Processing LTD (Wolfram Mining), na Rwinkwavu Mining Corporation LTD (Rwinkwavu Mining), na zo ikaba yazifatiye ibihano.

Ibi bihano bikurikiye ibindi Amerika yafatiye ingabo z'u Rwanda (RDF) n'abajenerali baneb'u Rwanda muri uyu mwaka, ibashinja kugira uruhare mu ntambara mu burasirazuba bwa DRC.

Washington ivuga ko imitungo yose n'inyungu zose z'abafatiwe ibihano ziri muri Amerika zafatiriwe, ndetse ko ari na ko bimeze ku mitungo n'inyungu byabo bifitwe n'ababa muri Amerika n'Abanyamerika.

Ibigo byose by'abafatiwe ibihano, byaba ibyo bafite mu buryo butaziguye cyangwa buziguye, ku kigero cya 50% cyangwa hejuru yaho, na byo Abanyamerika cyangwa ababa muri Amerika babujijwe gukorana na byo.

DRC, Amerika n'inzobere za ONU bashinja u Rwanda gufasha umutwe wa M23 mu kuwuha imyitozo, abasirikare, amategeko, no kugenzura imikorere yawo, mu ntambara yongeye kubura mu mpera y'umwaka wa 2021, nubwo imaze imyaka hafi 30 ihagarara ikongera ikubura.

U Rwanda ruhakana ibyo birego, ruvuga ko rwashyizeho "ingamba z'ubwirinzi" kubera inkeke ku mutekano warwo ruvuga ko ziterwa n'umutwe w'inyeshyamba wa FDLR urwanya ubutegetsi bw'u Rwanda, ukorera mu burasirazuba bwa DRC.

Mu mwaka ushize, umuryango w'Ubumwe bw'Uburayi na wo wafatiye ibihano kompanyi Gasabo Gold Refinery – uvuga ko ari yo "yonyine" itunganya zahabu mu Rwanda – kubera "gutumiza zahabu mu buryo bunyuranyije n'amategeko ivuye mu turere tugenzurwa na M23 muri DRC, bityo ikungukira mu ntambara cyangwa umutekano mucye muri DRC".

M23 igenzura uturere twinshi two mu ntara za Kivu ya Ruguru na Kivu y'Epfo mu burasirazuba bwa DRC – bukungahaye ku mabuye y'agaciro – turimo n'imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu. Amerika ivuga ko M23 ikoresha uwo mutungo mu "kugura intwaro n'ibikoresho, kuriha abarwanyi, no gukorera amabi Abanye-Congo b'abasivile". Mu gihe cyashize, M23 yahakanye ibirego nk'ibyo by'ubugizi bwa nabi.

'Iyezandonke ry'amabuye y'agaciro'

Amerika ivuga ko kuva M23 ifashe imijyi ya Goma na Bukavu mu ntangiriro y'umwaka wa 2025, kompanyi Gasabo Gold Refinery LTD (Gasabo Gold) yahindutse umufatanyabikorwa w'ingenzi w'abategetsi bo muri leta y'u Rwanda n'inyeshyamba za M23 ubwo baba bakura zahabu mu burasirazuba bwa DRC.

BBC Gahuzamiryango ntiyashoboye kugenzura mu buryo bwigenga ibijyanye n'uru rugendo rwa zahabu Amerika ivuga ko iva muri DRC ijya muri iyo kompanyi.

Washington ivuga ko iyo zahabu imaze gukurwa mu bice bigenzurwa na M23 na RDF byo muri Kivu y'Epfo, abasirikare b'u Rwanda bagenzura mu buryo bukomeye iyo zahabu kugeza igeze kuri Gasabo Gold.

Yongeraho ko M23 na RDF ari bo bakora kuburyo itwarwa mu mutekano ivuye mu turere tugenzurwa na M23 kugeza igeze mu karere ka Rusizi, mu majyepfo ashyira uburengerazuba bw'u Rwanda, hakurya y'umupaka wa Bukavu ruhana na DRC, ikagera i Kigali mu nzira yo ku butaka cyangwa mu kirere.

Amerika ivuga ko iyo zahabu igeze kuri Gasabo Gold, M23 na RDF bahita bayiha abakozi b'iyo kompanyi, bagahita batangira kuyitunganya.

Mu ntangiriro y'uyu mwaka, Amerika ivuga ko ibiro (kg) nibura 60 bya zahabu, bifite agaciro ka za miliyoni z'amadolari, byakuwe mu burasirazuba bwa DRC bijyanwa kuri Gasabo Gold, muri ubu buryo Amerika yita "iyezandonke ry'amabuye y'agaciro".