Kaminuza ya Harvard yahishuye ibanga ryoroshye ryo kubaho igihe kirekire

Impuguke zimaze igihe kinini zikurikirana amakuru arambuye kuri iyi ngingo.

Ku bijyanye n'ubuzima, si ikoranabuhanga rishya, indryo yuzuye, cyangwa gukora siporo muri gym gusa bishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye mu kubaho ubuzima bw'igihe kirekire. Ahubwo, hari ikintu cyoroshye kandi gihendutse: gusabana n'abandi bantu.

Igikorwa cy'ibanze cyo kubaka umubano n'abandi bantu gishobora kugira ingaruka zikomeye k'ubuzima bwawe. Ikiruta byose, ni uko bishobora gishobora kongera imyaka umara ku isi ufite ubuzima bwiza. Imibanire myiza n'abandi ishobora kugufasha kubaho ubuzima bwiza igihe kirekire, kandi hari ibimenyetso bya siyansi bishyigikira uku kuri.

Isesengura ry'ubushakashatsi 148 bwasohotse mu 2019, bwakorewe ku bantu barenga 300.000, ryagaragaje ko abantu bafite imibanire myiza n'abandi bantu bafite amahirwe menshi yo kubaho igihe kirekire ku kigero cya 50% ugereranije n'abadafite iyo mibanire.

Bikekwa ko kugira itsinda ry'abantu ba hafi musabana bishobora kugira ingaruka ku buzima zingana cyangwa zirenze zimwe mu mpamvu zizwi zitera urupfu, harimo kunywa itabi, kunywa inzoga, no kubaho mu buryo bwo kwicara.

Ku rundi ruhande, kwigunga igihe kirekire bishobora kugira ingaruka nk'izo kunywa itabi 15 ku munsi, nk'uko Ikigo (National Institute on Aging) kibitangaza, kandi bishobora kugabanya imyaka 15 yo kubaho.

Porofeseri Tegan Cruwys, umushakashatsi akaba n'umuhanga mu by'imitekerereze ya muntu muri Kaminuza y'Igihugu ya Ositaraliya i Canberra, agira ati: "Abantu ni ibiremwa bibana n'abandi, bityo ubwonko bwacu n'imibiri yacu byagenewe guhuza n'abandi no kumva turi mu matsinda y'abantu - nk'imiryango, amatsinda y'akazi, amatsinda y'imyidagaduro n'ibindi."

Abantu bakeneye abantu.

Imibanire n'abandi si ikintu cy'inyongera gusa - ni ikintu cy'ingenzi mu buzima kandi gishobora guhindura imiterere y'umubiri wawe ako kanya.

Dr Ahmed Shoka, inzobere mu by'indwara zo mu mutwe muri Medical Express Clinic i Londres, agira ati: "Iyo umuntu yumva afite umutekano mu mibanire n'abandi, imikorere y'umubiri iragabanuka, urugero rw'imisemburo ya cortisol iragabanuka, kandi uburyo bwo 'kurwana cyangwa guhunga' butuma umuntu agira imihangayiko bugatangira kugabanuka."

"Imikoranire myiza, haba mu guhoberana, mu maso, mu guseka hamwe cyangwa se mu guhamagarana kuri telefoni, byongera oxytocin, ifasha mu kubaka icyizere kandi igashyira uturemangingo tw'imitsi mu mwanya wo kuruhuka no kugogora."

Ibimenyetso byinshi bikomeje kwiyongera bigaragaza ko ingaruka nziza zo gusabana n'abandi mu gucunga imihangayiko y'igihe kirekire ziri mu mpamvu nyamukuru zituma imibanire igira uruhare runini mu gihe umuntu ashobora kumarana ubuzima bwiza. Ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje isano iri hagati y'ibibazo biterwa n'imihangayiko n'ibyago byo gupfa bitewe n'impamvu zose.

Ariko, kumva ufite umutekano mu mibanire yawe ya bugufi bisa nkaho bifasha kugabanya uburyo umubiri ubyitwaramo mu gihe uhanganye n'imihangayiko, nk'uko Porofeseri Robert J Waldinger, umwarimu w'indwara zo mu mutwe mu Ishuri ry'Ubuganga rya Harvard akaba n'umuyobozi w'Inyigo y'Iterambere ry'Abakuze muri Harvard abivuga.

Agira ati: "Abantu bumva bafite umutekano, iyo bumva bafite abo biringira mu gihe cy'ibibazo, bagaragaza ibimenyetso bike by'ihungabana ridashira, ariko irungu ridashira rituma umubiri umenya ibiwubangamiye igihe kirekire - indwara isa n'izindi ndwara zidakira."

Imibanire myiza n'abandi yahujwe n'iterambere mu bimenyetso by'ingenzi by'ubuzima, harimo kugabanuka kw'icyorezo cya diyabete no kugabanuka buhoro buhoro k'ubushobozi bwo gutekereza uko abantu bakura. Nk'uko Shoka abivuga, abantu bafite imibanire ikomeye n'abandi bakunda kugira umuvuduko muke w'amaraso no kugabanuka k'ububyimbirwe, mu gihe kwigunga mu bandi bifitanye isano no gusaza vuba, harimo no kugabanuka k'ubudahangarwa bw'umubiri.

Byongeye kandi, ubushakashatsi bwerekana ko kwitabira ibikorwa remezo bishobora guteza imbere ubuzima bw'ubwonko ku bantu bafite ibyago byo kurwara indwara yo kwibagirwa.

Shoka agira ati: "Imibanire myiza, mu buryo bumwe, igabanya imihangayiko mu gihe kirekire."

Agira ati: "Kuri njye nk'umuganga, inyungu zo mu buzima bwo mu mutwe nazo ni ingenzi: abantu bafite imibanire ikomeye kandi bizeye bakira neza vuba kandi ntibakunze kongera kurwara."

Ku rundi ruhande, abantu bumva bari mu bwigunge cyangwa bari mu bwigunge bakunze kutagira ibyishimo byinshi, cyane cyane uko bagenda bakura. Inyigo ya Harvard ku iterambere ry'abantu bakuru imaze gukurikirana abagabo 724 n'ababakomokaho kuva mu 1938, igamije kumenya ibintu bishobora gutuma umuntu aramba.

Kimwe mu byavumbuwe muri iyo nama ni isano iri hagati y'imibanire myiza n'ubuzima burambye. Abitabiriye inama bari bafite ubuzima bwiza ku myaka 80 si abari bararundanyije ubutunzi bwinshi cyangwa bafatwaga nk'abatsinze cyane, ahubwo ni abari baranyuzwe n'imibanire yabo kuva bafite imyaka 50.

Waldinger agira ati: "Ubushakashatsi bwacu, hamwe n'ubundi bushakashatsi, bwagaragaje ko abantu bumva bigunze kuruta uko babyifuza baba badafite ibyishimo byinshi, ubuzima bwabo buragabanuka mbere y'imyaka yo hagati, ubushobozi bw'ubwonko bwabo bugabanuka mbere kandi bakabaho igihe gito ugereranyije n'abantu batari bonyine."

Avuga ko kwigunga bigira ingaruka ku buzima buhoro buhoro, atari uko bitera amarangamutima gusa. "Mu gihe gito, kutagira imibanire ya hafi igihe kirekire bifitanye isano n'ibyiyumvo bibi, gusinzira nabi no kwiyongera k'umuvuduko mu mihangayiko. Mu gihe kirekire, amakuru y'ubushakashatsi ahuza kwigunga igihe kirekire no kugabanuka k'umubiri imburagihe, kugabanuka k'ubwenge hakiri kare no kubaho igihe gito."

Guhangana n'icyorezo cy'irungu

Ikibazo ni uko, nubwo byoroshye kurusha mbere hose kuvugana n'abandi, benshi muri twe turacyagorwa no kugirana imibanire myiza n'abandi. Ishami ry'Umuryango w'Abibumbye ryita ku Buzima (OMS) rivuga ko umuntu umwe kuri batatu bakuru n'umwe kuri bane mu rubyiruko bagerwaho n'ingaruka zo kwigunga, aho abantu bo mu matsinda y'abantu bake muri sosiyete bakunze guhura n'imbogamizi zikomeye zo kuvugana n'abandi.

Dr Gillian Sandstrom, umwanditsi akaba n'umwarimu wungirije w'imitekerereze ya muntu muri Kaminuza ya Sussex, agira ati: "Umuryango wacu warahindutse mu buryo bwagabanyije icyifuzo cyo gusabana n'abandi bantu."

Dukorera kuri interineti. Duhitamo kwikorera iyo tugiye mu iduka cyangwa tugahitamo kutajyayo na gato ahubwo tugatumiza ibicuruzwa kuri interineti. Tureba ku mbuga nkoranyambaga igihe twashoboraga kubwira abakunzi bacu iby'umunsi wacu.

Si ikibazo cyo gukenera gusa kuganira n'abandi buri gihe, nubwo benshi muri twe tubikeneye - dukeneye n'imibanire myiza.

Cruwys agira ati: "Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwerekana ko atari ukuba hafi y'abandi bantu gusa, ahubwo ni ukumva ufitanye isano na bo mu buryo bw'imitekerereze no kuba mu matsinda afite akamaro gakomeye atanga inyungu nyinshi ku buzima bwo mu mutwe no kumererwa neza."

Shoka agira inama yo kwibanda ku bwiza kuruta ubwinshi. Agira ati: "Imibanire mike ya hafi kandi yizewe n'umuryango wumva koko ko uri umwe muri wo irinda kurusha kugira abantu benshi uziranye mu buryo bugaragara."

Ariko, imikoranire mito ya buri munsi ni ingenzi cyane kuruta uko twabitekereza.

"Kuvugana n'umuturanyi, kurebana mu maso, gushimira umuntu cyangwa gufasha umuntu. Buri kintu muri ibi ni ikimenyetso gito cyo gutuma umuntu yumva ko ari umwe mu bagize umuryango."

Kwinjira mu itsinda cyangwa umuryango, byaba ari korali, ikipe ya siporo, cyangwa club y'ibitabo, bishobora gufasha kubaka ubwumvane. Nk'uko Cruwys abivuga, ibi bishobora gutuma ubona inyungu nini.

Agira ati: "Niba udafite urubuga nkoranyambaga rukomeye, tangira utuntu duto hanyuma uhitemo ibikorwa bisaba guhura buri gihe n'abantu bamwe mu rwego rumwe cyangwa intego imwe."

"Kubera ko ari umwirondoro rusange, atari imibanire gusa, ni byo bishobora gutuma habaho ubucuti burambye n'ubuzima bwiza."

Bishobora gusa n'aho bigoye kugerageza kwagura ihuriro ryawe ry'abantu - cyane cyane iyo hari ibikorwa bike mu matsinda mu gace utuyemo. Sandstrom avuga ko hari abantu boroshye kuvugana nabo iyo utangiye kubaka icyizere cyawe.

"Abantu bafite imbwa bamenyereye ko abandi bantu bavugana na zo, mu gihe abakozi bashinzwe serivisi batozwa kuvugana neza n'abakiriya."

Ahari ikintu cyiza ushobora gukora kugira ngo urusheho kugira imibereho myiza ni ukugira gahunda no kugira icyo ukora mu mibanire yawe.

Shoka agira ati: "Dushyiraho gahunda y'imyitozo ngororamubiri kandi tugategura amafunguro, ariko tureka umubano ukabaho gusa."

Agira inama yo gushyiraho igihe cyo kuvugana n'abantu buri gihe no kurinda icyo gihe nk'uko urinda igihe cyo gusinzira cyangwa inshingano z'akazi.

"Guhuza abantu hakoreshejwe ikoranabuhanga bifite uruhare runini, cyane cyane ku bantu bafite uburwayi, ubumuga cyangwa kwigunga, ariko inyungu nini ziracyaboneka iyo turi kumwe imbonankubone."

Ariko, Cruwys ashimangira ko inshingano zo guhangana n'ikibazo cy'irungu zidashobora gusigara ku bantu bafite icyo kibazo gusa.

"Ni inshingano za buri wese muri twe kubaka imiryango ihuriweho n'abantu bose, aho twese dushobora kungukirwa n'ubuzima."