Yadda raƙuma suke mutuwa saboda tsananin zafi a Afirka
Asalin hoton, Hassan Nuya Guyo
- Marubuci, Navin Singh Khadka
- Sanya sunan wanda ya rubuta labari, Environment correspondent
- An wallafa
- Lokacin karatu: Minti 5
An san raƙuma a matsayin dabbobin da suke jure zafi a rairayin hamada, amma duk da haka dabbobin ba su tsira daga tsananin zafin Afirka ba.
Yankin arewa maso gabashin Ethiopia na cikin yankunan da zafin ya fi tsananta, sannan fari ya fi munana.
"Na ga yadda raƙumana suka galabaita saboda tsanani zafi," in ji Ali Umar, mai kiwon raƙuma a yakin Semera na Afar a zantawarsa da BBC.
"A cikin kimanin wata ɗaya da ya wuce, raƙuma taskwas na rasa saboda tsananin zafi," in ji Ali mai shekara 40, wanda ke da raƙuma 500.
"Ko iskar da ke ɗan kaɗawa ma a yanzu zafi take hurawa," in ji shi, sannan ya ƙara da cewa a cikin ƴan shekarun nan ne zafin ya ta'azzara.
Ba shi kaɗai ba ne ya fahimci haka, domin masana da masu kula da jin daɗin dabbobi da sauransu sun bayyana zafin rana da fari da cututtuka da ke ƙaruwa duk suna da alaƙa da tsananin zafi.
Asalin hoton, Mohammed El Khasmi
Ƙasashe arewacin Afirka ne ke ɗauke da kusan kashi 80 na raƙuma mai tozo ɗaya wanda ake kira da raƙumin Larabawa.
Masu kiwo da dama sun koma kiwon irin wannan raƙumin ne saboda yana jure tsananin zafi da fari.
Amma wani bincike da aka yi game da ra'ayin masu kiwon raƙuma a kudancin Ethiopia da aka fitar a shekarar 2025, ya nuna cewa tsananin zafi da sauyin yanayi na shafar lafiyar raƙuma.
"Waɗanda aka tambaya sun bayyana cewa sauyin yanayi ya matuƙar shafi lafiyar raƙuma da karsashinsu da ma yanayin hayayyafarsu."
A ƙasar Somalia kuwa, abin da aka gano ya fi haka zafi. Binciken da aka yi a ƙasar da aka wallafa a watan Yuni ya nuna cewa mutuwar raƙuma da ke da alaƙa da fari ya ƙaru a ƙasar, inda ya shafi kusan kashi 46 na masu kiwon raƙuma a ƙasar.
Asalin hoton, Ali Umer
Tsananin zafi ne kan gaba wajen haifar da fari a yankin, duk da cewa akwai wasu abubuwan da suka taimaka, kamar rashin tsarin kula da dabbobi mai kyau.
Wani nazari da masana yanayi suka yi na gano cewa tsananin zafi a yankin ne ya janyo farin da aka yi a tsakanin 2021-2022, inda tsananin zafin ya sa ruwan da ke ƙarƙashin ƙasa ya riƙa zama tiriri yana bin iska.
Likitocin dabbobi a yanki sun ce raƙuman da ake kawo musu na ƙaruwa, sannan suna ganin ƙaruwar raƙuman da ke mutuwa.
Ƙaruwar cututtuka sun taimaka wajen rage yawan madara da ake samu, kamar yadda sakamakon wani binciken ya nuna.
Asalin hoton, Mohammed El Khasmi
A wani binciken da aka yi a Algeria da aka wallafa a bana, ya nuna cewa ana samu ƙaruwar mutuwar raƙuma saboda zafi.
Ƙungiyar kula da yanayi ta duniya ta bayyana cewa tsananin zafi ya fara zama ruwan dare a ƙasashen arewacin Afirka tun daga kimanin 1981.
Ƙungiyar ta ce ƙasashe da dama a yankin sun ruwaito hauhawar tsananin zafi har sama da maki 50 a ma'aunin celcius a shekarar 2024.
Masana sun ce raƙuma na iya jure zafin kusan maki 40 a ma'aunin celcius ta hanyar sauya yanayin jikinsu ya iya jure bambancin sauyin yanayi.
Hakan ya sa suke iya rage yawan zufa da taƙaita buƙatar ruwa, sannan kuma yanayin fatarsu mai kauri na taimakawa wajen rage ratsawar zafin rana cikin jikinsu.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Yanzu za ku iya samun labaran BBC Hausa kai-tsaye a wayoyinku.
Latsa nan domin shiga
Karshen Whatsapp
"Amma suna raƙuma suna fuskantar tsananin zafi idan yanayi ya canja ya wuce yadda suka saba," in ji Dr Mohammed Begoumi, masani a kwamitin kula da abinci na Majalisar Ɗinkin Duniya, wanda ya ƙware a kula da kiwon lafiyar raƙuma.
"A wurare da dama da ke da Sahara, zafi na haura maki 50 a ma'aunin celius, lamarin da ke ta'azzara yanayin zafi," in ji shi a tattaunawarsa da BBC.
Farfesa Abdelmadjid Chehma na Jami'ar Ghardaia da ke Algeria, wanda ya yi aiki da raƙum a Sahara ya ce, "bincikenmu ya nuna cewa zafin rana dare da rana sama da maki 41 a ma'unin celcius zuwa 45 yana shafar yanayin jikinsu.
A wajen raƙuma, da zarar zafin ya fara yawa, yanayin shafar yadda suke narka abinci, wanda a ƙarshe yaka shafar yanayin cimakansu.
Wannan kuma a wani ɓangaren yana rage madarar da suke fitarwa, sannan ya janyo mataloli hayayyafa.
Farfesa Mohammed el Khasmi, masanin dabbobi a Jami'ar Casablanca da ke Morocco, ya tattaro wasu masaloli da tsananin zafi ke haifarwa ga raƙuma.
Asalin hoton, Getty Images
Duk da cewa tsananin zafi ne babban dalili, matsalar na ƙara ta'azzara ne idan ya haɗu da sauran matsaloli irin su fari da rashin ganyayyaki da ma ƙarancin kula da dabbobi, kamar yadda masana suka bayyana.
Wannan ne ya sa masu kiwo a Ethiopia suka fara ƙaura daga arewacin yanki da ka saba gannin kiwon raƙuma zuwa kudanci da aka fi samun ruwa da yanayi mai kyau.
"Kuma ba yanzu ba ne lokacin da ya fi dacewa masu kiwo su fara ƙaura," in ji Daniel Gelan, farfesa kuma masani harkokin kiwo a Jami'ar Vision da ke Ethiopia.
Oxfam ta ce farashin ruwa na ƙaruwa da kusan kashi 2,000 wasu yankunan Somalia saboda fari.
Umer, mai kiwon raƙuma ya ce yana fargabar cewa annobar cututtuka na iya kashe masa mayan raƙuma.
Farfesa Chehma ma ya yi amanna da wannan manufar.
"Duk da cewa raƙuma ne dabbobin da masu kiwo suke tunanin da suka rage da suke jura wa sahara, yanayin zafin ya faraa barazana g ɗorewar hakan," in ji shi.
