Putin ntagishobora kuvuga ko yatsinze intambara muri Ukraine -Uwatsindiye agashimwe Nobel k'amahoro

Ku biro vy'ikinyamakuru Novaya Gazeta i Moscou, mu makoridoro (corridor) nta gakacira. Uhashitse urumva ko hari ikibura.

Uwahoze ari umwanditsi mukuru waco, Dmitry Muratov, ambwira ati: "Nta kinyamakuru kikiriho."

Muratov ni umwe mu bashinze Novaya Gazeta haraciye imyaka irenga 30. Ico kinyamakuru carigeze kuba ari kimwe mu vyari bihagarariye cane ubwigenge bwo kumenyesha amakuru mu Burusiya. Carakunda gushira ahabona ihonyangwa ry'agateka ka zina muntu hamwe n'igiturire kirangwa mu nzego zo hejuru.

Mu 2021, Muratov hamwe na mugenzi we batsindiye agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel, kubera utwigoro twabo two "gukingira ubwigenge bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro." Komite ya Nobel yavuze ko "abanditsi batandatu ba Novaya Gazeta bishwe, harimwo Anna Politkovskaya yatunganije ibiganiro yandika n'amakuru vyerekana ukuri ku ntambara yo muri Chechnya."

Ivyo, kwari ukwemanga no gushigikira ubwitange n'ubutwari budasanzwe mu mwuga wo kumenyesha amakuru.

Ariko ntivyashoboye gukingira ico kinyamakuru.

Muratov agira ati: "Putin yarasohoye itegeko, maze imashini zakoreshwa mu gusohora ibinyamakuru zishirwa mu maboko ya reta." Yongerako ati: "Ikinyamakuru caratswe uruhusha rwo gukora."

Ikinyamakuru Novaya Gazeta kiracafise aho umuntu ashobora kugikurikirana kuri internet. Ariko n'aho ni ku rugero ruto. Abategetsi barakoresheje ubuhinga bwose bushoboka kugira babuze abantu gushikira urubuga rwaco. Rushobora gushikwako gusa umuntu ari hanze y'igihugu, canke akoresheje VPN - imihora yihariye y'ubuhinga bwa none ikoreshwa mu kurenga ku bibujijwe.

Ingorane ikinyamakuru gifise zerekana ingene igikorwa co guhiga no guhagarika ubwigenge bwo gushikiriza ivyiyumviro kiriko kiraguka mu Burusiya, kandi cihuse cane, kuva Kremlin itanguye igitero cagutse kuri Ukraine mu 2022.

"Abantu benshi bazwi mu gutanga ivyiyumviro bashizwe mu murwi w'abakorera 'inyungu z'abanyamahanga', 'uw'abafise ivyiyumviro vy'ubutagondwa' canke 'abagira iterabwoba'. Ni amajana menshi", ni ko Dmitry Muratov avuga.

Ati: "Ibitigiri bigenda bihindagurika. Ariko umuntu abiharuye mu buryo budahengamye, kuva aho Uburusiya butanguriye 'igikorwa kidasanzwe ca gisirikare' [muri Ukraine], nimiburiburi abantu 1.500 ubu bari mu mabohero kubera kuvugira ku mugaragaro ko batemera politike y'ubutegetsi buhari. Ivyo ni incuro zitatu kuruta abari bapfungiwe ivyo vyiyumviro mu bihe bikaze vy'ubutegetsi bwa KGB muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti."

Mu nyigisho yashikirije amaze kuronka agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel mu 1975, uwaharanira uburenganzira bwa muntu Andrei Sakharov yashize ahabona amazina y'imfungwa za politike zirenga 120 yari azi ko ziri muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyete.

Haciye imyaka icumi, Amnesty International yagereranije ko muri Reta Zunze Ubumwe z'Abasoviyeti hari imfungwa zirenga 600 zari zafashwe kubera ivyiyumviro vyazo.

Ivyo Kremlin yari yiyumviriye mu 2022 ko vyoba "igikorwa ca gisirikare" kigufi kandi kizranguka neza, vyahindutse intambara yasheshe amaraso menshi kuruta izindi zose zabaye i Buraya kuva intambara ya kabiri y'isi irangiye.

Ariko Perezida Putin, afise icizere, arabandanya kuvuga ko Uburusiya buzotsinda.

Dmitry Muratov aramuhaririza ati: "Nta 'ntsinzi' izigera ibaho. Kuko ivyabaye hafi imyaka itanu - uko vyorangira kwose - ntibishobora kwitwa intsinzi."

Ati: "Ntibishobora kuba intsinzi mu gihe amahanga abiri y'Aba 'Slave' yamaze gutabagura abantu bagera ku miriyoni, canke barenga umuriyoni."

Ati: "Uko mbona ibintu vyifashe muri Ukraine ni uku: ushobora kuyisambura ariko ntushobora kuyigarurira. Iyo mvuze kuyisambura, mba nshaka kuvuga kwongereza umurindi w'intambara gushika no ku gukoresha igisasu ruhonyanganda."

Yoba yemera vy'ukuri ko umukuru wa Kremlin yoshobora gukoresha ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda muri iyi ntambara?

Dmitry Muratov avuga ati: "Abo basesanguzi ba politike bavuga ngo 'Putin yiyumvira ibi' canke 'Putin aratinya ibi'… bose ni abatomboza". Abandanya agira ati: "Bimeze nk'ivy'ikirere. Nta n'umwe azi ibiri mu mutwe wa Vladimir Putin. Naje ntavyo nzi."

Ati: "Jewe ndabibona gusa nk'umunyamakuru. Nsesangura amakuru menshi cane. Kandi kuva mu ntango z'uyu mwaka, ivy'uko hakwiye gukoreshwa ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda vyavuzwe incuro zirenga 500. Iyo ababivuga ari abantu basa n'abadakwije mu mutwe, sindabiha agaciro. Ariko naravyumvise mu biganiro vyo ku mboneshakure za reta. Kandi mu nama mpuzamakungu y'ubutunzi ya St Petersburg, igikorwa gitegurwa na reta, umwe mu bashikiriza ibiganiro yarashimagije ikoreshwa ry'ibirwanisho ruhonyanganda, avuga ko ari ikintu ciza kandi c'ingirakamaro."

Igihe Perezida Putin yatangaza igitero cagutse kuri Ukraine muri Ruhuhuma(2) 2022, yavuze ko intumbero yari "gukingira umutekano w'Uburusiya."

Dmitry Muratov abaza ati: "Mbwira, umutekano woba warongerekanye?"

"None ubu drones za Ukraine ziriko ziratera ububiko bwa Wildberries [ikigo kinini c'Uburusiya gicururiza kuri internet]; hari ingorane z'igitoro, internet yo kuri terefone igahungabana, kandi hari imfungwa za politike. Umutekano woba warongerekanye, canke ntiwongerekanye?"

N'ubwo ivyigwa vyo kwihweza iryo abanyagihugu bagona vyerekana ko igikundiro ca Putine cagabanutse mu banyagihugu - nk'uko Muratov avyemeza - aracafise ububasha ku gihugu.

Ati: "Mumbabarire, sindemera ibi vyose bavuga ku bijanye n'ukutumvikana hagati y'abari mu ntwaro, canke imigambi y'ibanga. Igihugu kirongowe na Vladimir Putin. Baramutinya."

Ati: "Kandi iterabwoba rigenda ryiyongera kurushiriza rishigikiwe mu buryo bwose n'urwego nyamukuru: Urwego rw'Umutekano w'Uburusiya (FSB)."

Naho anegura cane ubutegetsi bw'igihugu ciwe, nta vyinshi yiteze ku bihugu vyo mu Burengero.

Ati: "[Putin] arazi neza agaciro nyakuri k'abategetsi b'i Buraya. Ku ruhande rumwe baramuvugisha ku bijanye n'agateka ka zina muntu agaca yitwengera cane, kuko ku rundi ruhande baba bariko barasinya amasezerano - canke bahora bayasinya - n'Uburusiya yo gucuruza igitoro, peteroli, gaz, amabuye y'agaciro nka diyama… n'ibindi vyose. Iyo babwiye Putin ivyerekeye indangagaciro z'i Buraya, aratwenga cane mu vy'ukuri. Arazi agaciro nyakuri k'abantu bamwigisha izo ndangagaciro."

Mu Burusiya, Muratov yarashizwe ku rutonde rw'"abakozi bakorera inyungu z'abanyamahanga", izina rikunda gukoreshwa mu guhana abantu banegura Kremlin. "Abakozi b'abanyamahanga" bafise uburenganzira buke: barabujijwe kwigisha, kugira uruhara mu matora; kandi iyo bagurishije inzu yabo, ntibarekuriwe no gushikira amafaranga avuyemwo.

Iryo zina kandi rigenewe kubatera iceyi no gutuma abantu babona ko hari umwansi ari imbere mu gihugu.

Ariko uwo munyamakuru asa n'uwudashaka kwibanda cane ku gitutu ariko arashirwako, ahubwo ahitamwo kwerekana ingorane z'Abarusiya bagenzi biwe bapfunzwe.

Asigura ati: "Ikimpangayikishije cane ubu ni uko ata muntu n'umwe kw'isi asa n'uwitayeho impfungwa za politike ari zo zabaye iza mbere mu kuvugira ku mugaragaro ko zirwanya ukwigarurira igice c'igihugu kibanyi cacu."

Arugurura dosiye, agakuramwo umurundo w'ifoto nini: ni ifoto z'abapfunzwe.

Imwe muri zo yerekana abanyamakuru bane - Antonina Favorskaya, Konstantin Gabov, Sergey Karelin na Artyom Kriger - bakatiwe bagapfungwa bazira ivyaha bijanye n'ubutagondwa. Bari bagirijwe kuba bafitaniye imigenderanire n'ishirahamwe ryo kurwanya igiturire ry'uwahoze ari umukuru w'abatavuga rumwe n'ubutegetsi, Alexei Navalny, ubu akaba yarapfuye.

Hari ifoto ya Alexei Gorinov, umushingamateka w'igisagara yapfunzwe azira "gukwiragiza amakuru y'ibinyoma" ku bijanye n'ingabo z'Uburusiya, inyuma y'uko avuze ku mugaragaro ko arwanya intambara yo muri Ukraine.

Dmitry Muratov agira ati: "uyu na we ni umucuraranzi wa piano w'igitangaza. Yari umuhinga akomeye mu gucuraranga no gusubiramwo ibikorwa vya Rachmaninoff na Schubert."

Uwo mucuraranzi yafashwe inyuma yo gushira ku mbuga ngurukanabumenyi amavidewo arwanya intambara. Dmitry Muratov araduza iyindi foto. Ati: "Ng'uyu kandi ari mw'isandugu."

Pavel Kushnir yapfiriye mw'ibohero yari apfungiwemwo imbere y'uko urubanza rwiwe rutangura, inyuma yo kwanka kurya mu kugaragaza akababaro. Yari afise imyaka 39.

Urwo rukurikirane rw'amafoto n'inkuru z'abapfungwa rwerekana akaga abantu bashirwa mu murwi w'abarwanya abategetsi bashobora kwisangamwo. Ni icibutso c'ingaruka zo kunegura ku mugaragaro abategetsi n'intambara.

Ndabaza nti: "Kuba wararonse agashimwe k'amahoro kitiriwe Nobel, biraguha n'imiburiburi ubudahangarwa bwo kuvuga ivyo ushaka?"

Muratov ati: "Iki si ikibazo co kumbaza. Igihe cose uzoronka akaryo, ico kibazo uzokibaze abategetsi."

Hari iyindi foto imwe. Yafashwe muri Ndamukiza (4).

Ati: "Uyu ni umushingwamanza w'ikinyamakuru igihe yari arindiriye kwinjira muri iyo nyubakwa. Abapolisi bariko barasaka ibiro vyacu. Vyabafashe amasaha 13. Kandi ntibemereye abashingwamanza kwinjira. Umwanditsi mukuru wacu, Oleg Roldugin, ubu apfungiwe muhira ic'amaso."

Dmitry Muratov atanga ishusho ibabaje y'ubuzima mu Burusiya ku bantu banegura abategetsi.

Ariko haracari n'ibihe vy'icizere.

Ati: "Tubayeho mu gihe aho utegerezwa guceceka. Ariko abantu benshi cane barashigikira ivyo dukora. Ku mabarabara ya Moscou, twe n'abo dukorana twumva gusa amajambo yo kudushimira. Bivugirwa mu ntamatama. Ariko ivyo abantu biyumvira ni ngirakamaro cane."