Introduction - Cyflwyniad
Using the past tense will help you describe past events, such as:
- what you did at the weekend, and
- what you did during the holidays.
It is important that you can use the correct past tense form to make it clear who did the action as well as when it took place.
Video 1: Irregular Verbs - Berfau Afreolaidd
How to use two key irregular Welsh verbs, 'mynd' (to go) and 'cael' (to have), in the past tense.
Most verbs in Welsh are 'regular verbs'. This means they all follow a similar pattern when we use them.
But there are other verbs that behave a bit differently. We call these irregular verbs.
Irregular verbs don't follow the same patterns as regular verbs.
Some of the most important irregular verbs in Welsh are:
mynd
cael
gwneud
Let's look at how 'mynd' and 'cael' behave when we talk about the past:
'Mynd' becomes 'Es i' = 'I went'.
'Es i i'r parc ddoe.'
'Es i adref.'
'Cael' becomes 'Ces i' = 'I had'.
'Ces i anrheg.'
'Ces i siocled poeth.'
Here's how we use 'mynd' to talk about the past:
Es i
Est ti
Aeth e / Aeth o
Aeth hi
Aeth Siôn
Aethon ni
Aethoch chi
Aethon nhw
'Aeth Siôn i'r dref.'
'Aethon nhw i wylio'r gêm.'
And here's how we use 'cael' = 'to have' when we talk about the past:
Ces i
Cest ti
Cafodd e / Cafodd o
Cafodd hi
Cafodd Siôn
Cawson ni
Cawsoch chi
Cawson nhw
'Cafodd hi hwyl yn y parti.'
'Cawson ni amser da ar ein gwyliau.'
Knowing how to use irregular verbs comes in very handy!
Some Welsh verbs are irregular in the past tense.
Unlike regular verbs, verbs like ‘mynd’ (to go) and ‘cael’ (to have) do not follow the usual pattern when they change into the past tense.
Each irregular past tense form must be learnt individually, as the whole verb changes depending on who did the action.
Be aware! Because ‘mynd’ and ‘cael’ are irregular verbs, you cannot change them by simply adding a past tense verb ending. You will need to learn them individually so you can use them when speaking or writing in Welsh.
Although most Welsh verbs are regular, and follow a similar pattern, some verbs are irregular.
They don't follow the usual pattern, so you need to learn their different forms.
Two of the most important irregular verbs in Welsh are 'mynd' (to go) and 'cael' (to have).
‘Mynd’ - (to) Go
When using ‘mynd’ in the past tense, if you are doing the action, you will start your sentence with ‘Es i’.
It means ‘I went’.
For example:
Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(I went to the restaurant).
Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(I went for a walk).
Different forms
The form of ‘mynd’ you will need to use changes depending on who is doing the action.
Singular:
| I went | Es i |
| You went | Est ti |
| He went | Aeth o / Aeth e |
| She went | Aeth hi |
To name the person doing the action, you will use the following form:
Aeth Siôn(Siôn went).
Plural:
| We went | Aethon ni |
| You went | Aethoch chi |
| They went | Aethon nhw |
Forming a sentence
Once you know which form of ‘mynd’ you need, you will often need to add ‘i’ after it.
‘i’ translates as ‘to’.
Examples:
Es i+i+Llandudno → Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(I went to Llandudno)
Aethon nhw+i+Wrecsam → Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(I went to Wrexham)
This isn’t always the case, here are some examples that don’t need ‘i’:
Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(She went to the car)
Check your connection, refresh the page and try again.(We went on the train)
‘Cael’ - (to) Have
When using ‘cael’ in the past tense, if you are doing the action, you will start your sentence with ‘Ces i’.
It means ‘I had’.
For example:
Ces i sgwrs.(I had a chat).
Ces i hwyl.(I had fun).
Different forms
The form of ‘cael’ you will need to use changes depending on who is doing the action.
Singular:
| I had | Ces i |
| You had | Cest ti |
| He had | Cafodd o / Cafodd e |
| She had | Cafodd hi |
To name the person doing the action, you will use the following form:
Cafodd Sian(Sian had).
Plural:
| We had | Cawson ni |
| You had | Cawsoch chi |
| They had | Cawson nhw |
Forming a sentence
Once you know which form of ‘cael’ add the rest of the information needed to complete your sentence.
Examples:
Ces i+amser da → Ces i amser da(I had a good time)
Cawson ni+barti pen-blwydd → Cawson ni barti pen-blwydd(We had a birthday party)
Remember:
There’s no shortcut to remembering the past tense of 'cael' and 'mynd'.
Just keep practising, and they’ll soon become familiar.
They are two of the most important verbs in Welsh, so you’re likely to use them a lot!
Video 2: Llanfairpwll
Owain shares stories about growing up in Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch and learning to say it’s famous name.
Ces i fy ngeni yn Llanfairpwll ar Ynys Môn.
Es i i’r ysgol feithrin, a’r ysgol gynradd yn Llanfairpwll, ond does dim ysgol uwchradd yno, achos mae’n bentref bach.
Gwnes i ffrindiau da yn yr ysgol gynradd.
Ces i chwarae yn y tîm pêl-droed.
Ces i blentyndod hapus iawn.
Ond, ces i drafferth dysgu enw’r pentref pan oeddwn i’n fach.
Es i heibio’r arwydd bob dydd ar y ffordd i’r ysgol.
Ond gwnes i ddysgu yn y diwedd diolch byth.
Llanfairpwllgwyngyllgogerychwyrndrobwllllantysiliogogogoch.
Ces i hwyl yn dysgu pobl sut i ddweud yr enw mewn parti nos Sadwrn.
Buon ni’n chwerthin lot.
Gwnes i sôn am y pethau da am y pentref hefyd.
Mae’n dawel braf ac mae siopau a bwytai yma.
Ces i amser gwych yn byw yma.
Activity: Tap & Find - Gweithgaredd
Video 3: Living is Estonia - Byw yn Estonia
Macsen remembers living in Estonia for a year, and visits to Barry Island with his family.
Macsen ydw i.
Dyma Estonia.
Es i i fyw yn Tallinn am flwyddyn. Tallinn yw prifddinas Estonia.
Dinas fach dawel yw Tallinn.
Ces i amser braf yno. Ces i siarad Rwsieg ac Estoneg yno.
Bues i i weld lot o bethau yn y wlad, sawl castell ac amgueddfa.
Ces i hwyl yn rhwyfo ac yn beicio yno hefyd.
Ces i amser gwych yn Tallinn, ond un o fy hoff lefydd yn y byd ydy’r Barri.
Dw i’n dwlu ar fynd yno.
Bues i yno yn ddiweddar i weld fy nheulu.
Aethon ni am dro i lan y môr Ynys y Barri, ac yna aethon ni allan am fwyd.
Ces i gyri blasus, ond cafodd mam gyri poeth iawn.
Gwnes i fwynhau bod ar lan y môr eto. Ond ches i ddim digon o amser yn y Barri.
Dw i’n gobeithio cael mynd yno eto’n fuan.
Flashcards - Cardiau fflach
Video 4: Climbing - Dringo
Deryn and Seren talk about how they started climbing and why they love it.
DERYN BACH: Haia! Deryn Bach dw i, a dyma Seren. Wyt ti wedi bod yn dringo o’r blaen?
SEREN: Do, es i i ddringo nos Iau.
DERYN BACH: Da iawn ti. Es i nos Fercher.
SEREN: Sut wnest ti ddechrau dringo?
DERYN BACH: Ces i barti pen-blwydd yma yn wyth oed, a gwnes i fwynhau. Dw i heb stopio dringo ers hynny!
SEREN: Dim rhyfedd dy fod ti’n dda, Deryn!
DERYN BACH: Beth amdanat ti? Sut wnest ti ddechrau dringo?
SEREN: Cafodd ffrind i’r teulu sesiwn am ddim, felly es i gyda fy mam! Cawson ni amser da iawn.
DERYN BACH: Mae dringo gyda rhaffau yn hwyl hefyd. Ac mae’n ymarfer corff da.
SEREN: Ydy.
DERYN BACH: Bues i’n dringo gyda rhaffau am ddwy awr nos Fercher, ond ces i boen mawr yn fy mreichiau y diwrnod wedyn!
SEREN: Gwnest ti weithio’n galed!
DERYN BACH: Do!
SEREN: Ces i boen mawr ar ôl sesiwn nos Iau hefyd.
DERYN BACH: Wel, wyt ti’n barod am fwy o boen?
SEREN: Ydw, barod!
Quiz - Cwis
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