Shirkada sameeya baabuurta dunida oo la daaladhacaya in ay Shiinaha la tartamaan

Shirkadaha waaweyn ee sameeya baabuurta adduunka ayaa wajahaya xaalad adag, iyadoo shirkadaha Maraykanka, Yurub iyo Japan ay sii luminayaan awooddoodii suuqa, halka shirkadaha Shiinaha ay hormuud ka noqdeen ma aha oo keliya baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa, balse sidoo kale baytariyada, naqshadaynta iyo software-ka.

BBC-da ayaa booqatay warshado ku yaalla Beijing iyo Hefei intii lagu guda jiray bandhigga Auto China 2026 oo ah bandhigga baabuurta ugu weyn adduunka waxayna aragtay heerar aad u sarreeya oo otomaatig ah iyo xawaare degdeg ah oo horumarinta software-ka ah, taasoo shirkadaha ajnabiga ah ee hore uga talin jiray suuqa Shiinaha ka dhigtay kuwo la daalaadhacaya sidii ay ula jaanqaadi lahaayeen.

Maamulaha guud ee Honda, Toshihiro Mibe, ayaa warbaahinta Japan u sheegay kadib booqasho uu ku tagay warshad si weyn otomaatig u ah u shaqaysa oo ku taal Shanghai: "Wax fursad ah nooguma jirto inaan tan kula tartanno."

Maamulaha guud ee Ford, Jim Farley, ayaa sidoo kale ka digay in shirkadaha reer galbeedku ay "u harjadayaan jiritaankooda", iyadoo shirkadaha Shiinuhu ay si xawli ah ugu fidayaan suuqyada caalamka.

Kadib tobannaan sano oo ay maalgashi ku sameynayeen iskaashi ay la lahaayeen shirkado Shiinees ah si ay baabuur uga soo saaraan Shiinaha, shirkadaha ajnabiga ahi hadda waxay beddelayaan nooca iskaashigaas si ay tartanka ugu sii jiraan.

Falanqeeye baabuur oo fadhigiisu yahay Shanghai, Bill Russo, ayaa yidhi: "Khaladka ugu weyn ee dunida horumartay sameyneyso waa inay aaminsan yihiin in isbeddelku ku saabsan yahay oo keliya baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa. Arrintu waxay ku saabsan tahay cidda hoggaamin doonta jiilka xiga ee tiknoolajiyada gaadiidka."

Taleefanno casri ah oo taayirro leh

Awoodda Shiinaha kuma koobna oo keliya baabuurta. Dalkaasi wuxuu hadda ugu badan yahay dhoofinta in ka badan 315 nooc oo badeecooyin ah, halka ay 2016-kii ahaayeen 163 nooc, sida lagu sheegay warbixin ay soo saartay Rhodium Group. Qaar badan oo ka mid ah badeecooyinkaas waxay la xiriiraan silsiladaha sahayda ee baabuurta korontada ku shaqeysa, oo ay ku jiraan baytariyada, qaybaha iyo mashiinnada wax-soo-saarka.

Hay'adda Caalamiga ah ee Tamarta (IEA) ayaa qiyaastay in ugu yaraan 30% ka jaban tahay in Shiinaha lagu soo saaro gaadhi raaxo ah oo yar oo koronto ku shaqeysa marka loo eego dalalka horumaray, taasoo badankeed sabab u tahay qiimaha hoose ee baytariyada iyo silsiladaha sahayda ee sida fiican isku xiran.

Faa'iidadaas waxaa lagu dhisay sannado taageero dowladeed ah. Rhodium ayaa qiyaastay in Shiinuhu tobannaan bilyan oo doollar ku maalgeliyay warshadaha baabuurta korontada ku shaqeeya iyo baytariyada sannadihii u dambeeyay oo keliya.

Kabitaannadaas, oo si weyn loogu dhaliilo Midowga Yurub iyo Maraykanka inay carqaladeynayaan suuqa, ayaa shirkadaha ka caawiyay inay si degdeg ah u balaariyaan wax-soo-saarka oo ay qiimaha dhimaan. Tartanka adag ee gudaha Shiinaha ayaa sidoo kale dedejiyay hal-abuurka. Shirkado tiknoolajiyadeed sida Xiaomi, Huawei iyo Alibaba ayaa hadda Sameeya baabuur koronto ku shaqeysa iyagoo tiknoolajiyada macaamiisha keenay warshadaha baabuurta.

Russo ayaa yiri: "Mar dambe lama tartamayaan reer galbeedka. Waxay hadda si iskood ah u tartamayaan dhexdooda."

Iyadoo baabuurtu sii noqonayaan kuwo ku tiirsan software laga bilaabo nidaamyada caawinta darawalka ilaa nidaamyada madadaalada shirkadahani waxay siinayaan shirkadaha Shiinaha faa'iido kale oo dheeraad ah.

Isbeddelkaas ayaa si cad looga arkayaa warshadda EV-ga ee Xiaomi ee duleedka Beijing, halkaas oo baabuur cusub uga soo baxayo khadka wax-soo-saarka qiyaastii 76 ilbiriqsi kasta.

Xiaomi waxay soo saartay gaadhigeedii koronto ku shaqeeya (EV) ugu horreeyay 2024, balse waxay durba noqotay mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu iibka badan Shiinaha. Istiraatiijiyaddoodu waa inay isku xiraan baabuurta, taleefannada, apps-ka iyo qalabka guryaha casriga ah si ay u sameeyaan hal nidaam oo isku dhafan.

Warshadda Nio ee Hefei, qaybo badan oo khadka wax-soo-saarka ah ayaa ku dhow inay gebi ahaanba otomaatig noqdaan.

BYD waxay sameysay nidaamyo dallacsiin aad u degdeg ah leh oo awood u leh inay ku daraan 400km oo safar ah qiyaastii shan daqiiqo gudahood waqti u dhow inta lagu shubo shidaalka baabuurta caadiga ah.

Aasaasaha iyo maamulaha XPeng, He Xiaopeng, ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in shirkaddu mudnaanta siineyso robot-yada qaabka bini'aadamka leh iyo baabuurta duusha marka laga soo tago EV-yada.

"Tobanka sano ee soo socda, shirkad kasta oo baabuur sameysa waxay sidoo kale noqon doontaa shirkad robotics ah," ayuu yiri.

Isbeddelkaas ayaa si cad looga arkayaa warshadda EV-ga ee Xiaomi ee duleedka Beijing, halkaas oo baabuur cusub uga soo baxayo khadka wax-soo-saarka qiyaastii 76 ilbiriqsi kasta.

Xiaomi waxay soo saartay gaadhigeedii koronto ku shaqeeya (EV) ugu horreeyay 2024, balse waxay durba noqotay mid ka mid ah noocyada ugu iibka badan Shiinaha. Istiraatiijiyaddoodu waa inay isku xiraan baabuurta, taleefannada, apps-ka iyo qalabka guryaha casriga ah si ay u sameeyaan hal nidaam oo isku dhafan.

Warshadda Nio ee Hefei, qaybo badan oo khadka wax-soo-saarka ah ayaa ku dhow inay gebi ahaanba otomaatig noqdaan.

BYD waxay sameysay nidaamyo dallacsiin aad u degdeg ah leh oo awood u leh inay ku daraan 400km oo safar ah qiyaastii shan daqiiqo gudahood waqti u dhow inta lagu shubo shidaalka baabuurta caadiga ah.

Aasaasaha iyo maamulaha XPeng, He Xiaopeng, ayaa BBC-da u sheegay in shirkaddu mudnaanta siineyso robot-yada qaabka bini'aadamka leh iyo baabuurta duusha marka laga soo tago EV-yada.

"Tobanka sano ee soo socda, shirkad kasta oo baabuur sameysa waxay sidoo kale noqon doontaa shirkad robotics ah," ayuu yiri.

Dib-u-fikirka Shiinaha

Shirkadaha ajnabiga ah ee sameeya baabuurta ayaa hore ugu tiirsanaa Shiinaha si ay uga dhoofiyaan suuqyada caalamka. Tesla waxay Yurub u dhoofisaa Model 3-yada laga sameeyo Shanghai, halka Mini-yada korontada ee BMW ee Shiinaha lagu sameeyo sidoo kale dibadda lagu iibiyo. Laakiin qaar badan ayaa ku dhibtooday gudaha suuqa Shiinaha laftiisa.

Saamiga shirkadaha ajnabiga ah ee suuqa baabuurta Shiinaha ayaa hoos uga dhacay 64% sanadkii 2020 ilaa 32% sanadkan, sida ay sheegtay shirkadda la-talinta ee Automobility.

Hoos-u-dhacaasi wuxuu saameeyay dakhliga General Motors (GM) iyo shirkadaha Jarmalka, kuwaas oo hore si weyn ugu tiirsanaa faa'iidada ay ka helaan Shiinaha.

Noocyada raaxada leh ayaa sidoo kale cadaadis la kulmaya. Sedan-ka raaxada leh ee Huawei ee Maextro S800 ayaa noqday baabuurka ugu iibka badan Shiinaha ee ka qaalisan $100,000, isagoo ka iib badan Porsche Panamera iyo BMW 7-series oo la isku daray kuwaas oo hore suuqa Shiinaha uga talin jiray.

Muddo tobannaan sano ah, shirkadaha ajnabiga ahi waxay keeni jireen tiknoolajiyada iyo magaca sumadda, halka shirkadaha maxalliga ahi ay bixiyeen warshadaha iyo suuqa. Hadda xiriirkaasi wuu isbeddelayaa.

Stellantis ayaa dhowaan heshiis €1 bilyan ah la saxiixatay shirkadda dowladdu taageerto ee Dongfeng si ay Shiinaha ugu soo saarto noocyada Peugeot iyo Jeep looguna iibiyo gudaha iyo dibaddaba.

Stellantis waxay sidoo kale keenaysaa nooca korontada ee Voyah ee Dongfeng Yurub, waxayna sheegtay inay baarayso inay Faransiiska ku soo saarto baabuur naqshaddoodu Shiinees tahay.

Volkswagen ayaa bixinaysa $700 milyan si ay u hesho software-ka iyo nidaamyada wadista iskeed u shaqeeya ee XPeng si ay ugu horumariso jiilka xiga ee EV-yadeeda tiknoolajiyad ay qiratay inaysan si degdeg ah gudaha ugu horumarin karin.

He Xiaopeng ayaa sheegay in xiriirku yahay mid laba geesood ah: "Waan is barannaa, waan isku kalsoonnahay, markaa waan is caawinnaynaa."

Toyota, Hyundai, Ford iyo Nissan ayaa sidoo kale ballaarinaya xarumaha cilmi-baarista ee Shiinaha ama baaraya inay warshadahooda dibadda ku soo saaraan baabuur naqshaddoodu Shiinees tahay iyagoo adeegsanaya hibada iyo aqoonta maxalliga ah horumarinta halkii ay ka ahaan lahaayeen oo keliya wax-soo-saar.

Si kastaba ha ahaatee, istiraatiijiyad walba ma shaqeynayso.

Audi ayaa lagu qasbay inay qiimo-dhimis weyn ku sameyso nooca E5 ee gaar ahaan loogu sameeyay Shiinaha kadib markii dalabkii laga filayay uu yaraaday.

GM ayaa qortay khasaarooyin gaadhaya bilaayiin doollar oo ka yimid hawlaheeda Shiinaha waxayna sheegtay hoos-u-dhac ka badan 21% oo iibka ah saddexdii bilood ee ugu horreeyay sanadkan.

Shirkadaha Japan ayaa gaabis ku ahaa u gudbidda baabuurta si buuxda koronto ugu shaqeeya, taasoo ka dhigtay kuwo nugul gudaha Shiinaha iyo sii kordhaya Koonfur-bari Aasiya, halkaas oo shirkadaha Shiinuhu si degdeg ah uga qabsanayaan suuqa.