Jorge Pérez
BBC Mundo

I'm Venezuelan and have been living abroad for six years. I see among my family and friends in the diaspora how difficult it is to face - once again - a situation of national upheaval in Venezuela.

Many tell me how they've organised and are gathering aid to send home.

And although we've lived through difficult times on several occasions, this one feels particularly hard.

Those abroad find themselves in a state of dissociation between a tragedy striking their country and the normality of their own routines far away from Venezuela.

And there's an additional element, too. This is the biggest natural disaster that Venezuela has experienced in the age of social media.

During the Vargas disaster of 1999 - when that deadly landslide killed and left missing thousands of La Guaira’s residents - we heard the stories through TV, radio or newspapers. It wasn't immediate - we had to wait for the information.

After the earthquakes, it is the victims themselves who are using their own mobile phones and social media posts to show straight to us the horrific reality in which the country is plunged.

For those abroad, this brings you home in a more personal way, but also more bleak, more dismal.

Police in Venezuela have released the video below showing children being rescued from a damaged building.

Dozens of people have been rescued alive since the earthquake, acting President Delcy Rodriguez said earlier.

Valentina Oropeza
BBC News Mundo, reporting from Caracas

Image source, Marianella Cremi

Marianella Cremi is sitting on the pavement next to her mother, just a few blocks from the Petunia building in Caracas, where her brother Juan Diego was watching the Brazil - Scotland football match when the roof collapsed as the quakes hit the city.

"My heart tells me my brother is alive," Marianella, 25, says in a WhatsApp call from a street in Los Palos Grandes, one of the hardest-hit areas in northern Caracas.

Marianella and her parents were in Acarigua, some 320km (200 miles) from Caracas, when they saw videos of the collapse of the Petunia building on social media.

The three of them got into the car and drove for more than four hours, arriving in Caracas at midnight.

Others have been pulled out of the rubble of the building alive, so Marianella and her family hope Juan Diego, 23, and his girlfriend Sabrina Bolognesi, 22, will be found.

Of the people they know who were in the building at the time, "only Juan Diego and Sabrina are still missing," says Marianella. "We have faith and trust in God that we will find them alive."

Image source, Marianella Cremi

Volunteers have set up a makeshift care centre in the seaside town of Morón in Carabobo state, near the epicentre of the quake.

Water and electricity supplies are scarce after the quakes hit the town.

Image source, AFP via Getty Images

Image source, AFP via Getty Images

Image source, AFP via Getty Images

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

Venezuela's interim President Delcy Rodriguez says the number of deaths in Wednesday's earthquakes now stands at 589, with 2,980 injured.

Rodriguez has also instructed the military to take control of La Guaira, one of the worst-hit areas.

Hospitals are said to be overwhelmed. Medics tell the BBC that even before the earthquake, medical supplies were insufficient for the population.

The United Nations says more than 1,000 international search and rescue workers have been deployed, including teams of sniffer dogs.

The UN's humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher told BBC Radio 4's Today programme: "I want people to know in Venezuela that help is coming."

Venezuela is a country already mired in uncertainty - it has been less than six months since Nicolás Maduro, the leader who had ruled the country since 2013, was seized by US forces in a dawn raid - you can read analysis on that here.

We also wrote a timeline earlier on how the disaster and the following rescue efforts unfolded.

Image source, Reuters

Spanish rescue workers have been pictured arriving in Venezuela, after Swiss workers were reported to have arrived earlier today.

Many other international teams are on their way or preparing to help.

These include Italy, Czechia, France, Germany, Luxembourg, Portugal and the Netherlands - which we saw depart a short while ago. They are all sending search and rescue teams, according to European Commission President Ursula von der Leyen.

The UK Foreign Office said on Thursday that the UK's International Search and Rescue team "stands ready for deployment".

The UN humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher said on Thursday that his team in Venezuela was co-ordinating a "surge of urban search and rescue teams from across the world with more on the way".

And World Health Organization (WHO) chief Tedros Adhanom Ghebreyesus also said on Thursday that teams are "on standby to deploy additional staff" and supplies.

Daniel Gonzalez Cappa

Acting President Delcy Rodríguez says La Guaira state has been "militarised" for emergency response. Images and videos circulating on social media show many collapsed buildings and devastation.

La Guaira is one of Venezuela's smallest states, but it's economically important. It sits on the central northern coast on the Caribbean Sea, north of Caracas, and is a popular destination for visitors from the capital.

The state is also home to one of the country's two main ports and to Simón Bolívar International Airport in Maiquetía - Venezuela's main airport.

The images coming out of the area are a reminder of another catastrophe in December 1999, when torrential rains triggered a series of landslides. The death toll then was in the thousands.

La Guaira never fully recovered from those landslides. Even today, the enormous rocks that destroyed buildings are still there.

A bit more now from acting President of Venezuela Delcy Rodríguez, whose comments have been reported by local media outlets and Reuters news agency.

Rodríguez says dozens of people have been rescued alive.

"It brings us joy that they can embrace their families and loved ones," she says.

She says there have been 214 aftershocks so far. "This demonstrates and reflects the seismic activity in our territory."

She also says the state of La Guaira will be "militarised" to help the emergency response.

La Guaira is one of the areas worst affected by the twin earthquakes.

The death toll in Venezuela has risen to 589, and the number of injured is now 2,980, acting President Delcy Rodríguez has said.

The previous official update, from the country’s health minister, put the death toll at 235 people, with 4,300 injured.

We will bring you more from her updates soon.

Jorge Pérez
BBC News Mundo

Image source, Getty Images

I am chatting with several people I know in Venezuela who have missing relatives in La Guaira, the most affected area after the twin earthquakes.

They know the buildings where their relatives lived have collapsed, and despite their best efforts, they cannot get any information. Phones are going unanswered. And official information for them feels virtually non-existent.

One of them told me she finally found her aunt, who had left her apartment to walk her dog minutes before it collapsed. Both her aunt and the pet have lost their home, but they are unharmed.

Another person I have been chatting with - who lives in Europe - told me yesterday they had two close relatives trapped in the rubble in a neighbourhood also close to the coast.

They were trying to do what they could from miles away, and across a five-hour time difference. People in the area told them they heard voices from the rubble. They thought it was one of their relatives.

This morning I woke up to her message confirming that both of her relatives were found, but they did not survive.

Why is there earthquake damage so far from the epicentre?published at 13:25 BST

13:25 BST

By Thomas Copeland

BBC Verify has consulted seismologists to understand why satellite imagery and social media videos show such significant damage to cities along Venezuela's coast, some more than 100 miles away from the earthquakes' epicentre.

"Instead of imagining an earthquake as a point, it's like a line on the map. It'll start at that epicentral region and then extend," says Dr Laura Gregory, an associate professor of earthquake geology at the University of Leeds.

This is because earthquakes are caused by movements of fault lines, the geological term for fractures in the earth’s crust.

These movements, Gregory says, are called ruptures and the "closer that you are to that earthquake rupture, the worse the shaking is going to be".

Scientists say preliminary data indicates these earthquakes caused ruptures in the San Sebastián Fault, which extends from the epicentre of these quakes along Venezuela's coast.

"These earthquakes were large, so we'd expect the length of the fault that ruptured to be between 100km and 200km long," according to Dr Amy Gilligan, a lecturer in geophysics at the University of Aberdeen.

Geology can play a role too, Gilligan adds, with places built on soft sediments like sand likely to experience "more shaking than if you're on hard bedrock like granite".

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

A Dutch rescue team has departed Eindhoven Air Base for Venezuela to assist with recovery efforts.

The team is made up of 65 rescue workers and eight dogs, according to the European Press Agency.

A team from El Salvador has also arrived in the country, alongside rescue personnel from Mexico and Switzerland.

Earlier, the UN's humanitarian chief Tom Fletcher told BBC Radio 4's Today programme that this disaster "needs an international global response and we'll co-ordinate that and we will deliver".

"I want people to know in Venezuela that help is coming," he said.

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

Leopoldo Lopez, a Venezuelan opposition leader currently living in exile in Spain, tells the BBC News channel the devastation has been "huge" and people are in "shock".

"Unfortunately, we are seeing a parallel collapse of the infrastructure, and also the incapacity of the state to provide timely rescue support for the people in the devastated areas," he says, describing the country as a "failed state".

He says there is an "absence" of firefighters, civil protection and "timely rescue missions", but says "fortunately there is an opening to international support".

He says there has not yet been a "massive deployment" of the Venezuelan military, but says there has been "tremendous support by the civil society in Venezuela".

"It's also very important to point out the importance of opening the news," he says. "Venezuela has been under a severe blockade... X has been opened, but there are still many, many news portals that are closed."

Earthquake is devastating blow to Venezuela at time of uncertaintypublished at 12:36 BST

12:36 BST

Vanessa Buschschlüter
Latin America and Caribbean editor

Image source, Getty Images

There is no doubt that this natural disaster is a devastating blow to a country already mired in uncertainty.

It has been less than six months since Nicolás Maduro, the left-wing leader who had ruled the country since 2013, was seized by US forces in a dawn raid on his presidential compound in the capital, Caracas, and taken to New York to stand trial on drug-trafficking charges.

Venezuela has since been governed by Maduro's ally and former vice-president, Delcy Rodríguez, much to the chagrin of opposition supporters who had hoped the Trump administration would put opposition leader María Corina Machado in charge.

Rodríguez's response to the quake has revealed some of the things which have - and have not - changed since the January raid, as well as the many challenges facing the country's battered infrastructure.

Read Vanessa Buschschlüter's full analysis piece here.

The BBC has spoken to a man who was on a family outing to the coastal city of La Guaira when the earthquakes struck.

He tells Radio 4's Today programme he and his family felt "incredibly strong" tremors as they were getting into their car to go back to Caracas. "And the earth started to shake."

“Many roads were closed, with a lot of rubble on them,” he says, describing "truly a chaotic scene" as they travelled back to the capital.

"There were no first responders anywhere to be seen. All the neighbours were just trying to get their loved ones out of the rubble and calling them, and it was very grim."

He says mobile phone communications went down and he couldn't get hold of his extended family: "I didn't know if my parents were alive or whatever because I could not get hold of them, either my sister and my nephews."

He explains that six hours later he was relieved to discover his loved ones in Caracas were safe, saying he feels "super lucky".

He adds that in the capital: "I was gladly surprised how well people were actually helping each other and doing what first responders were supposed to do."

Image source, EPA/Shutterstock

Eighty rescue workers and 18 tonnes of supplies have arrived from Switzerland, according to Venezuela's state broadcaster.

They arrived in the early hours of Friday morning, and the team also includes eight search dogs, reports Venezolana de Televisión.

It adds that Switzerland was "one of the first" countries to offer an emergency response after the earthquakes.

Rescue personnel with supplies have also arrived from Mexico, according to Venezuela's acting President Delcy Rodríguez.

US Southern Command said earlier that one of its senior military officials had arrived to oversee its support efforts.

Foreign nationals are among those confirmed to have died, although as with much of the information coming out of the country since Wednesday's earthquakes, we still do not know the full picture - and search efforts are continuing.

The Spanish foreign minister, José Manuel Albares, says the number of Spanish nationals confirmed dead has risen to three, and 99 are now missing.

A Brazilian man and a Brazilian woman have died, according to the country's foreign ministry.

Chinese state media cites the Chinese embassy in Caracas as saying last night that two Chinese nationals had been confirmed dead.

An Italian-Venezuelan has been confirmed dead, Italian media reports, citing the foreign ministry, which adds there is a large Italian community in Venezuela and it is "very difficult" at this time to estimate how many are missing.

Nine Portuguese nationals have died, the AFP news agency reports, citing the country's foreign ministry.

A spokesperson for the International Search and Rescue Dog Organisation (IRO) tells the BBC that six teams of dogs and handlers are heading to Venezuela to help find survivors.

Nicola Puchelt explains that the first 72 hours of an operation are crucial but insists there is "always hope" of finding people alive after several days.

She explains that two dogs are used in each search, the first barks to signal that a person is in the rubble; a second dog will then be sent to confirm the finding before the site is excavated.

Puchelt pays tribute to the highly trained dogs and their handlers who she says need "very strong physical and emotional strength".

Guy Hedgecoe
Reporting from Madrid

Spain’s foreign ministry has confirmed two Spanish nationals have died in the earthquake, while another 80 are missing.

According to Spanish media, citing family sources, one of the victims with Spanish nationality is Alazne Solabarrieta Lecea, a 65-year-old who was born in Caracas.

Her grandfather was José María Solabarrieta, the mayor of the Basque town of Ondarroa during Spain’s Second Republic and who later went into exile in Venezuela, Spanish media reports.

Her husband, Luis María Olalde Quintela, described by Spanish media as a former member of the Basque separatist group ETA who fled to Venezuela in the late 1970s, is reportedly recovering in hospital after being injured in the earthquake.

He is named in the Civil Guard’s database as someone the judiciary is attempting to bring to justice.

The Spanish authorities have set up telephone help lines in Spain and Venezuela for its nationals who are looking for loved ones.

Spain has sent a military aircraft to Venezuela with personnel who will help with rescue efforts.

The Spanish foreign ministry told the BBC it could not at this time confirm the identities of those killed.

Satellite photos show scale of damage in La Guairapublished at 10:43 BST

10:43 BST

By Emma Pengelly

New satellite photos reveal the extent of the damage to La Guaira, more than 100 miles (160km) from the epicentres of the devastating double earthquakes.

The images were captured by the US spatial intelligence firm Vantor and show some of the worst-hit parts of the port city just north of Venezuela’s capital Caracas.

One photo shows a cluster of six buildings flattened, most of them were high-rise apartment complexes with outdoor pools. Some of the surrounding roads have become blocked with debris and collapsed buildings.

Another image also shows how multi-storey blocks which once overlooked the Caribbean Sea have been reduced to rubble.