Key points
Algebraic An element within an algebraic sentence. Elements (terms) are separated by + or - signs. and A mathematical sentence expressed either numerically or symbolically made up of one or more terms. can be multiplied.
Algebraic terms can be multiplied together and one algebraic term can be divided by another.
Two or more terms may be multiplied or divided to give a single simplified term.
To be able to multiply and divide terms correctly, it is important to have a good understanding of A series or system of written symbols used to represent numbers, amounts or elements in mathematics., the laws of indices and multiplication and division.
Simplifying terms by multiplying
To simplify terms using multiplication:
Multiply the The number or quantity that does not vary. Eg, in the equation π = 3π + 6, the 3 and 6 are constants, where π and π are variables. to find the A number or symbol multiplied with a variable or an unknown quantity in an algebraic term. Eg, 5 is the coefficient of 5π of the simplified term.
Multiply matching An unknown value, usually represented by a letter like π or π using the laws of indices.
Different variables are written next to each other in alphabetical order.
Be sure to add The index (or exponent) of a number says how many times to use the number in a multiplication. The plural of index is indices., when multiplying terms with the same The number that gets multiplied when using an exponent (index). variable.
Examples
Image caption, The terms 2π and 3 are multiplied. Simplify 2π Γ 3
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Questions
Question 1: Simplify the terms using multiplication.
Multiply the constants to find the coefficient of the simplified term:
2 Γ 3 Γ 4 = 24Write the different variables (\(p\), \(q\) and \(r\)) next to each other in alphabetical order: \(pqr\)
The simplified term is 24 \(pqr\)
Question 2: Simplify the terms using multiplication.
Multiply the constants to find the coefficient of the simplified term:
9 Γ 2 = 18Multiply the matching variables using the laws of indices.
Add the indices: \(m\)β΅ Γ \(m\)β· βΌ \(m\)ΒΉΒ²
The simplified term is 18\(m\)ΒΉΒ²
Simplifying terms by dividing
To simplify terms using division:
Write the division as a fraction. The In division, the number that is divided. Eg, in the calculation 30 Γ· 6, 30 is the dividend. is the Number written at the top of a fraction. The numerator is the number of parts used. Eg, for 1β3, the numerator is 1 and the The number by which another is divided. Eg, in the calculation 30 Γ· 6 , the divisor is 6 is the Number written on the bottom of a fraction. The denominator is the number of equal parts. Eg, for 1β3, the denominator is 3.
Divide the constants to find the coefficient of the term. This will give an Integers are numbers with no fraction or decimal part. They can be positive, negative or zero. 42, 8, and 10000 are examples of integers. coefficient or a fraction which is simplified by dividing the numerator and the denominator by their The largest factor that will divide into the selected numbers. Eg, 10 is the highest common factor of 30 and 20. Highest common factor is written as HCF. .
Divide the matching variables using the laws of indices. The index of the divisor is subtracted from the index of the dividend.
When simplifying terms, it's helpful to remember that:
when there is no written index, the index is always 1
any number or expression raised to the power of zero is always equal to 1
Examples
Image caption, The term 12π is divided by the term 6. Simplify 12π Γ· 6
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Question
Simplify the expression.
Write the division as a fraction.
- The dividend (24\(n\)β·\(p\)Β³) is the numerator and the divisor (6\(n\)β·\(p\)Β²) is the denominator.
Divide the constants to find the coefficient of the term (24 Γ· 6 = 4).
Divide the matching variables using the laws of indices.
Subtract the index of the divisor from the index of the dividend to give the index of the simplified term:
\(n\)β· Γ· \(n\)β· = \(n\)β·β»β· = \(n\)β° = 1
\(p\)Β³ Γ· \(p\)Β² = \(p\)Β³β»Β² = \(p\)ΒΉ = \(p\)
The simplified term is 4\(p\)
Practise simplifying terms by multiplying and dividing
Quiz
Practise simplifying terms using multiplication and division with this quiz. You may need a pen and paper to help you work out your answers.
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