Maxay dumarku uga nolol dheer yihiin ragga?

Haddii aad tahay qof dumar ah, waxay u badan tahay inaad sii noolaan karto in ka badan inta walaalahaaga ama asxaabtaada nool yihiin - ilaa 5 sano, haddii loo eego celceliska caalamiga ah.

Sababaha dhabta ah ee cimriga dumarka dheereeya si buuxda looma garanayo, laakiin saynisyahannadu waxay hayaan fikrado yar.

Waxayna xitaa caawin karaan inay sharaxaan sababta noocyada noolayaasha qaar sida shimbiraha qaarkood, ay kuwooda lab u helaan cimri dheeri.

Ku dhimashada da'yaraanta

"Waddan kasta, dumarku way ka cimri dheer yihiin ragga," ayay tiri Prof Sarah Harper, oo ah maamulaha machadka Oxford ee da'da dadka ee UK.

Laakiin "aad bay u kala duwan tahay waddan ahaan," ayay tilmaantay.

Ruushka, Ukraine iyo Vietnam, tusaale ahaan, haweenku waxay ka nolol dheer yihiin qiyaastii 10 sano ama ka badan, halka meelaha kale sida Nigeria farqigu yahay mid aad u yar, sida laga soo xigtay daabacaadda cilmi-baarista ee Our World in Data.

Saynis yahanadu waxay qaar ka mid ah kala duwanaanshahan hoos u dhigeen kala duwanaanshaha bulshada iyo dhaqanka.

Waxaa jira cadaymo muujinaya in Ruushka, "sababaha ugu wayn uu ka mid yahay sigaarka iyo khamriga," Harper ayaa sharaxday, taas oo ku badan ragga waddankaas.

Adduunka oo dhan, raggu waxay aad ugu dhow yihiin inay ku lug yeeshaan dhaqamo kale oo nolosha xaddidaya.

"Cuntadadoodu waxay u muuqdaan kuwo caafimaadkoodu yar yahay," Harper ayaa tiri.

Iyagu sidoo kale uma badna inay booqdaan dhakhtarka, ayay raacisay, in kasta oo "ragga guursadaa ay ka faa'iidaan... sababtoo ah sida caadiga ah lammaanahooda ayaa wada isbitaalka".

Waxa ay sheegtay in bulshooyin badan, raggu ay qabtaan shaqooyin khatar badan, ragannimada waxa laga yaabaa in lala xiriiriyo khataro badan.

"Ragga aad ayaa ugu badan dhimashada shilalka baabuurta, rabshadaha, dilka, ismiidaaminta," ayay sheegtay.

Laakiin sawirku wuu ka fog yahay in intaa lagu koobo.

Ingiriiska, tusaale ahaan, ololayaasha ka hortagga sigaarka ee 1960-meeyadii iyo 70-meeyadii waxay horseedeen hoos u dhac ku yimid dhimashada ragga.

"Si lama filaan ah farqigaas ayaa si weyn u xirmay," Harper ayaa tiri.

Laakiin farqiga u dhexeeya lab iyo dheddig marnaba si buuxda uma baabi'i doonaan caadooyinka isbeddelaya, ayay u malaynaysaa, sababtoo ah " had iyo jeer waxaa jiri doona farqiga nafleyda " ee u dhexeeya dumarka iyo ragga.

Oestrogen iyo testosterone

Mid ka mid ah farqigaas waa hormoonnada.

"Oestrogens-ku wuxuu sameeyaa waxyaabo badan si uu u ilaaliyo haweenka," ayuu yiri Prof Consuelo Borrás, oo ah khabiir ku takhasusay cilmiga jirdhiska oo ku takhasusay gabowga Jaamacadda Valencia ee Spain.

Tani waxay u dhaxaysaa xakamaynta heerarka kolestaroolka iyo nidaaminta nidaamka difaaca, ka hortagga caabuqyada kaadida iyo ilaalinta caafimaadka maskaxda iyo lafaha, ayay tiri.

Mid ka mid ah siyaabaha ay u leedahay faa'iidooyin badan ayaa ah iyada oo u dhaqanta sida antioxidant-ka, ka hortagga walxaha waxyeelada leh ee loo yaqaan 'free radicals' kuwaas oo ku dhisma gudaha unugyadeena oo gacan ka geysta gabowga.

"Daraasado badan ayaa muujiyay in luminta ilaalinta estrogen ee xilliga dhaqmaadeyska ay saameyn doonto hawlo badan oo jirka ah," Borrás ayaa sharaxay. "Tusaale ahaan, lafo-jileecu waa sababta gabowga, dabcan, laakiin sidoo kale waxaa sababa la'aanta estrogens".

Dhanka kale, hormoonka ugu weyn ee jinsiga ee ragga waa testosterone, kaas oo lala xiriiriyay dabeecado badan oo halis ah. Borrás waxay tuhunsan tahay inay sidoo kale ku yeelan karto saameyn waxyeello leh gudaha jirka, inkastoo aysan weli caddayn sida.

Dhab ahaantii, cilmi-baaris 2012 ah ayaa lagu ogaaday in koox ka mid ah raga la dhufaanaya ee Kuuriyaanka ah ee taariikhiga ah, kuwaas oo laga saaray testosterone, inay noolaayeen 14-19 sano ka badan ragga labka ah ee aan la dhufaanin.

Xogtu waaa mid xaddidan, inkastoo, aan lagu soo celin sababo la sheegay dartood. Laakiin caddaynta ah xayawaanka qaarkood kuwooda lab inay ka nolol dheer yihiin kuwa kale marka la dhufaano ayaa ah mid muuqata.

Sababo kale

Si aad ugu fahamto si wanaagsan, saynisyahannada qaar ayaa eegayay meelo ka baxsan bini'aadamka.

Ma nihin noocyada kaliya ee dheddiggoodu cimri dheer yahay. Naasley badan ayaa tan leh, laga bilaabo libaaxyada, idaha ilaa libiriga iyo jiirka.

Si ka duwan, waxaa ka soo horjeeda shimbiraha, halkaas oo ay tahay kuwa lub in ay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin gacanta sare.

Hal sabab oo kale ayaa laga yaabaa inay ku jirto koromosoomyada jinsiga ee kala duwan.

"Naasleyda, dheddigu waxay leeyihiin laba X koromosoom, halka ragga ay leeyihiin hal X iyo hal Y," ayay tiri Dr Johanna Staerk, oo ah cilmi-baare ka tirsan Machadka Max Planck ee Evolutionary Anthropology ee Jarmalka.

Hal aragti ayaa soo jeedinaysa in haysashada XX ay siin karto dheddigga faa'iido badbaado sababtoo ah "haddii uu jiro isbeddel ku yimaada mid ka mid ah nuqullada, waxaad weli haysataa nuqul dheeraad ah, kaas oo magdhow u noqon kara kan kale," Staerk ayaa sharraxday.

"Laakiin ragga, maadaama ay leeyihiin hal koromosoom X, isbeddelladani waxay noqon karaan kuwo waxyeello badan leh."

Shimbiraha, ku lab ayaa leh laba koobi oo koromosoom isku mid ah - oo loo yaqaan Z - halka dheddiguna ay leeyihiin hal Z iyo hal W.

Xilli dheer oo wanaagsan

Laakiin arrinkaan war wanaagsan uma wada aha dumarka.

Waxa laga yaabaa inay ka cimri dheer yihiin ragga, laakiin cilmi-baaristu waxay soo jeedinaysaa inay sidoo kale u adkaystaan ​​cudurro badan oo aan halis ahayn inta lagu jiro noloshooda - waxyaabo ay ka mid yihiin xanuunka dhabarka qaybtiisa hoose, xanuunka niyad-jabka iyo madax-xanuunka.

"Haweenku waxay u muuqdaan inay leeyihiin falcelin difaac adag, laakiin taasi waxay u horseedi kartaa cudurrada ka hortagga bararka," Harper ayaa sharraxaysa. "Sidoo kale, dabcan, waxaan haysanaa nidaamyo muruq iyo qalfoof."

"Bayoolajiyada ragga ayaa ka dhiga inay u nuglaadaan dhimashada, bayooloojiyada haweenkuna waxay ka dhigtaa kuwo naafanimada u nugul," ayay ku soo gabagabaysay.

Laakiin saddexda khabiirba waxay aad u jecel yihiin inay carrabka ku adkeeyaan in bayolojiyadayadu aanay qasab ahayn inay go'aamiyaan aayahayaga.

"Farqiga nafleyda waxaa si buuxda u saameeya deegaanka iyo waxyaabaha dabeecadda la xiriira," Borrás ayaa sharraxay.

Waxay tiri dumarka iyo raggaba waa inay ka fikiraan waxyaabaha sida cuntada, jimicsiga, hurdada iyo heerarka walbahaarka, maaha kaliya "si ay u noolaadaan waqti dheer, laakiin dabcan si ay si wanaagsan ugu noolaadaan".